| min | rato-rato | max |
|---|---|---|
| 184 K | 287.2 K | 331 K |
| -89.2 °C | 14 °C | 57.8 °C |
diambiak dari Apollo 17
1.01671388 AU Perihelion 147,098,290 km
0.98329134 AU Sumbu semi-mayor 149,598,261 km
1.00000261 AU Eksentrisitas 0.01671123 Periode orbit 365.256363004 days
1.000017421 tahun Kacapatan orbit rato-rato 29.78 km/s
107,200 km/h Anomali rato-rato 357.51716° Inklinasi 7.155° dari equator Matohari
1.57869° to invariable plane Bujua node manaiak 348.73936° Argumen perihelion 114.20783° Satelit 1 natural (Bulan)
8,300+ artificial (pada 1 Maret 2001)
rato-rato 6,371.0 km Jari-jari
ekuator 6,378.1 km Radius kutub 6,356.8 km Kapapatan 0.0033528 Kaliliang 40,075.017 km (equatorial)
40,007.86 km (meridional) Laweh pamukoan 510,072,000 km2
148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %)
rato-rato 5.515 g/cm3 Gravitasi pamukoan ekuator 9.780327 m/s2
0.99732 g Kacapatan palapehan 11.186 km/s Hari sideris 0.99726968 d
23h 56m 4.100s Kacapatan rotasi 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s) Kamiriangan sumbu 23°26'21".4119 Albedo 0.367 (geometric)
0.306 (Bond) Suhu pamukoan
Kelvin
Celsius
20.95% oxygen (O2)
0.93% Argon
0.038% Karbon diosida
About 1% water vapor (varies with Klimak)
Bumi adolah planet katigo dari matohari, dan marupoan planet nan tapadek jo gadang nan ka limo dari salapan planet di tata surya. Inyo ko juo tamasuak paliang gadang dari nan ampek buah planet terrestrial. Bumi ko dirujuak juo sabagai dunia, planet biru, atau namo latinnyo, Terra.
Bumi ko rumah bagi jutaan spesies, tamasuak manusia, bumi kini ko manjadi satu-satunyo benda astronomi nan di situ ado kehidupan. Planet ko tabantuak 4.54 billion taun lalu, dan kehidupan muncul di permukaan bumi sekitar satu billion taun. Adonyo biosfir di bumi nan signifikan maubah atmosfir dan kondisi abiotik lainnyo di bumi, mamungkinkan proliferasi organisme aerobik sarato pambentukan lapisan ozon, basamo jo medan magnet bumi, mahalangi radiasi matohari, sahinggo mamungkinkan adonyo kehidupan di darek. Sacaro geofisik bumi, misalnyo sajarah geologi dan orbit, mamungkinkan kehidupan lah batahan salamo periode ko. Planet ko dihrapakan dapek taruih batahan untuak mandukuang kehidupan satidaknyo sampai 500 milyar taun lai.
Kronologi
Urang cadiak pandai kini lah mampu marekonstruksi ulang maklumat rinci tantang maso lalu planet ko. Penanggalan awal tabantuaknyo sistem surya ko 4.5672 ± 0.0006 billion taun lalu, atau 4.54 billion tahun lalu (1% indak pasti) the Earth and the other planets in the Solar System had formed out of the solar nebula—a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun. This assembly of the Earth through accretion was thus largely completed within 10–20 million years. Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed shortly thereafter, 4.53 billion years ago.
Kepustakaan
- Comins, Neil F. (2001). Discovering the Essential Universe (edisi ke-2nd). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-5804-0. Bibcode: 2003deu..book.....C. https://archive.org/details/discoveringessen0000comi.
Pautan lua
- Media tantang Bumi di Wikimedia Commons
- USGS Geomagnetism Program
- NASA Earth Observatory
- Audio—Cain/Gay (2007) Astronomy Cast Earth
- Earth Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
- Climate changes cause Earth's shape to change – NASA Archived 2009-01-22 di Wayback Machine.
- The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth Archived 2009-04-30 di Wayback Machine.
- Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation National Climatic Data Center
