Margiana (bahasa Yunani: Μαργιανή Margiane, Bahasa Persia Kuno: Marguš, Bahasa Persia Pertengahan: Marv) adalah sebuah wilayah bersejarah yang terletak di pusat oasis Merv dan merupakan sebuah satrap kecil dalam satrap Achaemenid dari Baktria, dan menjadi sebuah provinsi setelah penguasa penerusnya, Seleukia, Parthia, dan Sasaniyah.
Margiana terletak di lembah Sungai Murghab yang mata airnya bersumber di pegunungan Afghanistan, dan melewati Distrik Murghab di Afghanistan saat ini, dan kemudian mencapai oasis Merv di Turkmenistan kini. Margiana berbatasan dengan Parthia di barat daya, Aria di selatan, Baktria di timur, dan Sogdiana di utara.
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