Karachi

An ce an kafa birnin Karachi na zamani a shekara ta 1729 a matsayin ƙauyen Kolachi-jo-Goth a lokacin mulkin daular Kalhora. Sabon ƙauyen an ce an sanya masa suna ne domin girmama wata mata mai suna Mai Kolachi, wadda ɗanta ya kashe wani mugun kada mai cin mutane a ƙauyen bayan ya kashe manyan ’yan’uwansa biyu.

A karkashin Mirza Ghazi Beg, mai kula da Mughal na Sindh, an karfafa ci gaban Sindh na bakin teku da Kogin Indus Delta. A karkashin mulkinsa, ganuwar da ke yankin ta yi aiki a matsayin kariya ga hare-haren Portuguese zuwa Sindh. A cikin 1553-54, Ottoman Admiral Seydi Ali Reis, ya ambaci wani karamin tashar jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun Sindh da sunan Kaurashi wanda watakila Karachi ne. An gina kaburbura na Chaukhandi a cikin unguwanni na zamani na Karachi a wannan lokacin tsakanin ƙarni na 15 da 18.

An gina sabon ƙauye a cikin 1729 a shafin Dibro, wanda aka fi sani da 'Kolachi-jo-Goth ("Ƙauyen Kolachi). An ce an sanya sunan sabon ƙauyen ne don girmama Mai Kolachi, mazaunin tsohuwar ƙauyen wanda aka ce ɗansa ya kashe ɗan kifi mai cin mutum. Kolachi yana da kimanin hekta 40 (acre 99) a girman, tare da wasu ƙananan ƙauyukan kamun kifi da aka warwatsa a kusa da shi. Wadanda suka kafa sabon sansanin sun kasance Sindhi Baniyas, kuma an ce sun zo ne daga garin Kharak Bandar da ke kusa bayan tashar jiragen ruwa ta lalace a cikin 1728 bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.

A shekara ta 1729, an gina wani sabon ƙauye a wurin da ake kira Dibro, wanda daga baya aka sani da Kolachi-jo-Goth ma'ana "Ƙauyen Kolachi".

A cikin 1799 ko 1800, wanda ya kafa daular Talpur, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, ya ba da izinin Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya a ƙarƙashin Nathan Crow don kafa wurin kasuwanci a Karachi. An ba shi izinin gina masa gida a Karachi a wannan lokacin, amma a shekara ta 1802 an umarce shi da ya bar birnin. Birnin ya ci gaba da mulkin Talpurs har sai sojojin da ke karkashin umurnin John Keane suka mamaye shi a watan Fabrairun 1839.

A karkashin Mirza Ghazi Beg, mai kula da Mughal na Sindh, an karfafa ci gaban Sindh na bakin teku da Kogin Indus Delta. A karkashin mulkinsa, ganuwar da ke yankin ta yi aiki a matsayin kariya ga hare-haren Portuguese zuwa Sindh. A cikin 1553-54, Ottoman Admiral Seydi Ali Reis, ya ambaci wani karamin tashar jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun Sindh da sunan Kaurashi wanda watakila Karachi ne. An gina kaburbura na Chaukhandi a cikin unguwanni na zamani na Karachi a wannan lokacin tsakanin ƙarni na 15 da 18.

An gina sabon ƙauye a cikin 1729 a shafin Dibro, wanda aka fi sani da 'Kolachi-jo-Goth ("Ƙauyen Kolachi). An ce an sanya sunan sabon ƙauyen ne don girmama Mai Kolachi, mazaunin tsohuwar ƙauyen wanda aka ce ɗansa ya kashe ɗan kifi mai cin mutum. Kolachi yana da kimanin hekta 40 (acre 99) a girman, tare da wasu ƙananan ƙauyukan kamun kifi da aka warwatsa a kusa da shi. Wadanda suka kafa sabon sansanin sun kasance Sindhi Baniyas, kuma an ce sun zo ne daga garin Kharak Bandar da ke kusa bayan tashar jiragen ruwa ta lalace a cikin 1728 bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.

A shekara ta 1729, an gina wani sabon ƙauye a wurin da ake kira Dibro, wanda daga baya aka sani da Kolachi-jo-Goth ma'ana "Ƙauyen Kolachi".

A cikin 1799 ko 1800, wanda ya kafa daular Talpur, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, ya ba da izinin Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya a ƙarƙashin Nathan Crow don kafa wurin kasuwanci a Karachi. An ba shi izinin gina masa gida a Karachi a wannan lokacin, amma a shekara ta 1802 an umarce shi da ya bar birnin. Birnin ya ci gaba da mulkin Talpurs har sai sojojin da ke karkashin umurnin John Keane suka mamaye shi a watan Fabrairun 1839.

An ce an kafa birnin Karachi na zamani a shekara ta 1729 a matsayin ƙauyen Kolachi-jo-Goth a lokacin mulkin daular Kalhora. Sabon ƙauyen an ce an sanya masa suna ne domin girmama wata mata mai suna Mai Kolachi, wadda ɗanta ya kashe wani mugun kada mai cin mutane a ƙauyen bayan ya kashe manyan ’yan’uwansa biyu.

A karkashin Mirza Ghazi Beg, mai kula da Mughal na Sindh, an karfafa ci gaban Sindh na bakin teku da Kogin Indus Delta. A karkashin mulkinsa, ganuwar da ke yankin ta yi aiki a matsayin kariya ga hare-haren Portuguese zuwa Sindh. A cikin 1553-54, Ottoman Admiral Seydi Ali Reis, ya ambaci wani karamin tashar jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun Sindh da sunan Kaurashi wanda watakila Karachi ne. An gina kaburbura na Chaukhandi a cikin unguwanni na zamani na Karachi a wannan lokacin tsakanin ƙarni na 15 da 18.

An gina sabon ƙauye a cikin 1729 a shafin Dibro, wanda aka fi sani da 'Kolachi-jo-Goth ("Ƙauyen Kolachi). An ce an sanya sunan sabon ƙauyen ne don girmama Mai Kolachi, mazaunin tsohuwar ƙauyen wanda aka ce ɗansa ya kashe ɗan kifi mai cin mutum. Kolachi yana da kimanin hekta 40 (acre 99) a girman, tare da wasu ƙananan ƙauyukan kamun kifi da aka warwatsa a kusa da shi. Wadanda suka kafa sabon sansanin sun kasance Sindhi Baniyas, kuma an ce sun zo ne daga garin Kharak Bandar da ke kusa bayan tashar jiragen ruwa ta lalace a cikin 1728 bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.

A shekara ta 1729, an gina wani sabon ƙauye a wurin da ake kira Dibro, wanda daga baya aka sani da Kolachi-jo-Goth ma'ana "Ƙauyen Kolachi".

A cikin 1799 ko 1800, wanda ya kafa daular Talpur, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, ya ba da izinin Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya a ƙarƙashin Nathan Crow don kafa wurin kasuwanci a Karachi. An ba shi izinin gina masa gida a Karachi a wannan lokacin, amma a shekara ta 1802 an umarce shi da ya bar birnin. Birnin ya ci gaba da mulkin Talpurs har sai sojojin da ke karkashin umurnin John Keane suka mamaye shi a watan Fabrairun 1839.

Kudi da banki

Masana'antu

Masana'antu suna ba da gudummawa ga babban ɓangare na tattalin arzikin Karachi, tare da birnin gida ga yawancin manyan kamfanonin Pakistan da ke hulɗa da masana'antu, siminti, ƙarfe, kayan aiki masu nauyi, sunadarai, da kayan abinci. Birnin yana da kusan kashi 30 cikin dari na masana'antun masana'antu na Pakistan, kuma yana samar da kusan kashi 42 cikin dari na darajar Pakistan da aka kara a masana'antun manyan masana'antu. Akalla raka'a 4500 na masana'antu sun samar da tattalin arzikin masana'antu na Karachi. Sashin masana'antu na yau da kullun na Karachi yana daukar ma'aikata da yawa fiye da na yau da kullum, kodayake bayanan wakilai sun nuna cewa babban birnin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma darajar da aka kara daga irin waɗannan kamfanoni na yau da ƙari ya fi na kamfanonin sashen. An kiyasta kashi 63% na ma'aikatan Karachi suna aiki a kasuwanci da masana'antu.

Tarin kudaden shiga

A matsayin gida ga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Pakistan da kuma babban bangare na masana'anta, Karachi yana ba da gudummawa mai yawa na kudaden shiga na harajin da aka tattara a Pakistan. Kamar yadda yawancin manyan kamfanoni masu yawa na Pakistan ke zaune a Karachi, ana biyan harajin samun kudin shiga a cikin birni duk da cewa ana iya samun kudin shiga daga wasu sassan kasar. A matsayin gida ga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu na kasar, jami'an kwastam na Pakistan suna karɓar yawancin harajin tarayya da haraji a tashar jiragen ruwa na Karachi, koda kuwa an ƙaddara waɗannan shigo da su ga ɗayan larduna na Pakistan. Kimanin kashi 25% na kudaden shiga na kasa na Pakistan ana samar da shi ne a Karachi.

A shekarar 2006–2007, Karachi ta tara kusan rabin harajin kai tsaye na ƙasar, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na kuɗaɗen kwastam, kuma sama da rabin duk kuɗaɗen shiga da Hukumar Haraji ta Tarayya ke tattarawa.

An ce an kafa birnin Karachi na zamani a shekara ta 1729 a matsayin ƙauyen Kolachi-jo-Goth a lokacin mulkin daular Kalhora. Sabon ƙauyen an ce an sanya masa suna ne domin girmama wata mata mai suna Mai Kolachi, wadda ɗanta ya kashe wani mugun kada mai cin mutane a ƙauyen bayan ya kashe manyan ’yan’uwansa biyu.

A karkashin Mirza Ghazi Beg, mai kula da Mughal na Sindh, an karfafa ci gaban Sindh na bakin teku da Kogin Indus Delta. A karkashin mulkinsa, ganuwar da ke yankin ta yi aiki a matsayin kariya ga hare-haren Portuguese zuwa Sindh. A cikin 1553-54, Ottoman Admiral Seydi Ali Reis, ya ambaci wani karamin tashar jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun Sindh da sunan Kaurashi wanda watakila Karachi ne. An gina kaburbura na Chaukhandi a cikin unguwanni na zamani na Karachi a wannan lokacin tsakanin ƙarni na 15 da 18.

An gina sabon ƙauye a cikin 1729 a shafin Dibro, wanda aka fi sani da 'Kolachi-jo-Goth ("Ƙauyen Kolachi). An ce an sanya sunan sabon ƙauyen ne don girmama Mai Kolachi, mazaunin tsohuwar ƙauyen wanda aka ce ɗansa ya kashe ɗan kifi mai cin mutum. Kolachi yana da kimanin hekta 40 (acre 99) a girman, tare da wasu ƙananan ƙauyukan kamun kifi da aka warwatsa a kusa da shi. Wadanda suka kafa sabon sansanin sun kasance Sindhi Baniyas, kuma an ce sun zo ne daga garin Kharak Bandar da ke kusa bayan tashar jiragen ruwa ta lalace a cikin 1728 bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.

A shekara ta 1729, an gina wani sabon ƙauye a wurin da ake kira Dibro, wanda daga baya aka sani da Kolachi-jo-Goth ma'ana "Ƙauyen Kolachi".

A cikin 1799 ko 1800, wanda ya kafa daular Talpur, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, ya ba da izinin Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya a ƙarƙashin Nathan Crow don kafa wurin kasuwanci a Karachi. An ba shi izinin gina masa gida a Karachi a wannan lokacin, amma a shekara ta 1802 an umarce shi da ya bar birnin. Birnin ya ci gaba da mulkin Talpurs har sai sojojin da ke karkashin umurnin John Keane suka mamaye shi a watan Fabrairun 1839.

Kudi da banki

Masana'antu

Masana'antu suna ba da gudummawa ga babban ɓangare na tattalin arzikin Karachi, tare da birnin gida ga yawancin manyan kamfanonin Pakistan da ke hulɗa da masana'antu, siminti, ƙarfe, kayan aiki masu nauyi, sunadarai, da kayan abinci. Birnin yana da kusan kashi 30 cikin dari na masana'antun masana'antu na Pakistan, kuma yana samar da kusan kashi 42 cikin dari na darajar Pakistan da aka kara a masana'antun manyan masana'antu. Akalla raka'a 4500 na masana'antu sun samar da tattalin arzikin masana'antu na Karachi. Sashin masana'antu na yau da kullun na Karachi yana daukar ma'aikata da yawa fiye da na yau da kullum, kodayake bayanan wakilai sun nuna cewa babban birnin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma darajar da aka kara daga irin waɗannan kamfanoni na yau da ƙari ya fi na kamfanonin sashen. An kiyasta kashi 63% na ma'aikatan Karachi suna aiki a kasuwanci da masana'antu.

Tarin kudaden shiga

A matsayin gida ga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Pakistan da kuma babban bangare na masana'anta, Karachi yana ba da gudummawa mai yawa na kudaden shiga na harajin da aka tattara a Pakistan. Kamar yadda yawancin manyan kamfanoni masu yawa na Pakistan ke zaune a Karachi, ana biyan harajin samun kudin shiga a cikin birni duk da cewa ana iya samun kudin shiga daga wasu sassan kasar. A matsayin gida ga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu na kasar, jami'an kwastam na Pakistan suna karɓar yawancin harajin tarayya da haraji a tashar jiragen ruwa na Karachi, koda kuwa an ƙaddara waɗannan shigo da su ga ɗayan larduna na Pakistan. Kimanin kashi 25% na kudaden shiga na kasa na Pakistan ana samar da shi ne a Karachi.

A shekarar 2006–2007, Karachi ta tara kusan rabin harajin kai tsaye na ƙasar, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na kuɗaɗen kwastam, kuma sama da rabin duk kuɗaɗen shiga da Hukumar Haraji ta Tarayya ke tattarawa.

Road

Karachi tana da hanyar tituna da tsawonta ya kai kimanin kilomita 15,500 (mil 9,600), waɗanda ke ɗaukar zirga-zirgar kusan motoci miliyan 5 a kowace rana.

Hanyoyin Sufurin Jama'a

A cikin 2022, gwamnatin lardin ta ƙaddamar da Sabis na Bus na Jama'a tare da rundunar bas 100+ da ke gudana a kan hanyoyi 12 daban-daban a kan farashi mai suna. Bus din suna da iska mai sanyaya, suna da Wi-Fi, suna da wurin zama na farko ga nakasassu da tsofaffi, kuma suna da damar keken guragu.

Red buses ne na jama'a gaba ɗaya. Buses masu launin ruwan kasa na mata ne kawai. Fararen bas din su ne bas din lantarki mai kyau da ke da wuraren caji da aka tsara.

Karachi Circular Railway wani tsarin sufuri ne na yanki a Karachi, wanda ke aiki a yankin Karachi. KCR ta kasance tana aiki sosai tsakanin 1969 da 1999. Tun daga shekara ta 2001, an nemi maido da hanyar jirgin kasa da sake fara tsarin. A watan Nuwamba 2020, KCR ta farfado da ayyukan.

Shehbaz Sharif ta haɗa KCR a cikin CPEC kuma an fara gini a cikin 2022. Za a sake gina hanyar KCR da tashoshin da ke da nisan kilomita 43 a cikin tsarin zirga-zirga mai sauri tare da jiragen lantarki. Ba za a canza hanyar ba duk da haka za a gina hanyoyi da gadoji da yawa tare da hanyar don kawar da ƙetare 22. Sabon KCR zai yi kama da jirgin Orange na Lahore. Sabon KCR zai sami tashoshin hadin gwiwa tare da Karachi Metrobus a wuraren haɗuwa. Shirin zai fara aiki a shekarar 2025. 

Tare da cibiyarta a tashar Karachi City a kan I. I. Chundrigar Road, KCR za ta haɗa cibiyar birni tare da gundumomi da yawa na masana'antu, kasuwanci da zama a cikin birni.

An fara sabis na tramway a 1884 a Karachi amma an rufe shi a 1975. Koyaya, mai kula da Karachi Iftikhar Ali ne ya ba da shawarar farfado da sabis na tramway. Turkiyya ta ba da taimako a farfadowa da ƙaddamar da sabis na tramway na zamani a Karachi.

Filin jirgin saman Jinnah na Karachi shine filin jirgin sama mafi yawan jama'a a Pakistan tare da jimlar fasinjoji miliyan 7.2 a cikin 2018. An gina tsarin tashar na yanzu a cikin 1992, kuma an raba shi zuwa sassan kasa da kasa da na cikin gida. Filin jirgin saman Karachi yana aiki ne a matsayin cibiyar ga mai ɗaukar tutar, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), da kuma Air Indus, Serene Air da airblue. Filin jirgin saman yana ba da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ba tare da tsayawa ba zuwa wurare a duk Gabashin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Jihohin Gulf, Turai da Arewacin Amurka. 

Babban tashar jiragen ruwa a Pakistan shine tashar jiragen kasa ta Karachi da tashar jiragen sama ta Qasim da ke kusa, tsohon shine tashar jirgin ruwa mafi tsufa a Pakistan. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Qasim tana da nisan kilomita 35 (22 miles) a gabashin Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Karachi a bakin Kogin Indus. Wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna kula da kashi 95% na kayan kasuwanci na Pakistan zuwa da kuma daga tashoshin kasashen waje. Wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da kayan aiki na zamani waɗanda suka haɗa da sarrafawa mai yawa, kwantena da tashoshin mai. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna daga cikin Hanyar siliki ta Maritime.