Williams International is an American manufacturer of small gas turbine engines based in Pontiac, Michigan, United States. It produces jet engines for cruise missiles and small jet aircraft.
History
Dr. Sam B. Williams worked at Chrysler on their automotive turbine systems, but always imagined a wider set of applications for the small gas turbine engine. He left Chrysler to form Williams Research Corporation in Birmingham, Michigan, in 1954. In 1981, the company became Williams International. It has been building small turbofan engines since the 1950s for use in cruise missiles as well as target and reconnaissance drones.
Using the missile engines, Williams developed a series of personal VTOL flying craft, including a jet-powered belt in 1969, the Williams Aerial Systems Platform (WASP), also known as the "flying pulpit" in the 1970s, and the X-Jet, which was evaluated by the United States Army in the 1980s. The WASP platform was the only competitor to the Garrett STAMP in the United States Marine Corps STAMP (Small Tactical Aerial Mobility Platform) program of the early 1970s.
Also in the 1980s, Williams identified a need in the general aviation market for a small, light jet engine to power cost-effective personal and corporate jet aircraft. The company introduced the FJ44 engine, which in turn made possible the introduction of a number of small jet aircraft.
In 1992, NASA initiated its Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) program to partner with manufacturers and help develop technologies that would revitalize the sagging general aviation industry. In 1996, Williams joined AGATE's General Aviation Propulsion program to develop a fuel-efficient turbofan engine that would be even smaller than the FJ44. The result was the FJX-2 engine. Williams then contracted with Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites to design and build the Williams V-Jet II, a Very Light Jet to use as a testbed and technology demonstrator to showcase the new engine. The aircraft and engine were debuted at the 1997 Oshkosh Airshow. The production version of the engine, the EJ22 flew on the prototype Eclipse 500 VLJ (which had evolved from the V-Jet II), but was subsequently replaced by a Pratt & Whitney engine.
Products
Aircraft
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Williams X-Jet | 1980 | 3 | Flying platform |
| Williams V-Jet II | 1997 | 1 | Twin jet engine monoplane business jet |
Engines
| Williams Model Number | US Military Designation | Configuration | Power | First Run | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WR1 | regenerative free-turbine turboshaft | 70 shaft horsepower | 1955 | Installed in a small boat and run on the Detroit River. | |
| Jet No. 1 | single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular burner, centrifugally-fed atomizing nozzles, and a single-stage axial turbine. | 60 lbf | 1957 | ||
| WR2-1 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 70 lbf | 1960 | ||
| WR2-2A | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 95 lbf | 1962 | Canadair CL-89 | |
| WR2-4 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 105 lbf | 1964 | Canadair CL-89 | |
| WR2-5 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 115 lbf | 1965 | Canadair CL-89 | |
| WR2-6 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 125 lbf | 1968 | Canadair CL-89 | |
| WR24-6 | J400-WR-400 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 121 lbf | 1968 | Northrop MQM-74A Chukar I |
| WR24-7 | J400-WR-402 | two-stage axial/centrifugal compressor, centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 176 lbf | 1973 | Northrop MQM-74C Chukar II |
| WJ24-8E | J400-WR-104 | two-stage axial/centrifugal compressor, centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 240 lbf | 1995 | Raytheon AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) |
| WJ24-8 | J400-WR-404 | two-stage axial/centrifugal compressor, centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 240 lbf | 1983 | Northrop BQM-74E Chukar III, Boeing X-48A |
| WR24-8G / WJ24-8G | J400-WR-405 | two-stage axial/centrifugal compressor, centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 300 lbf | 2003 | Northrop BQM-74F Chukar |
| WJ24-8M | two-stage axial/centrifugal compressor, centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 300 lbf | 2014 | MBDA Marte-ER | |
| WR19 | Williams F107 | Turbofan | 430 lbf | 1969 | AGM-86, BGM-109 |
| Williams F112 | twin-spool counter rotating turbofan | 732 lbf | 1985(?) | X-36, X-50, AGM-129 | |
| Williams EJ22 | 3-spool medium-bypass ratio turbofan | 770 lbf | 2000(?) | Eclipse 500 VLJ | |
| Williams FJ33 | Turbofan | 1,846 lbf | 1998(?) | Cirrus Vision SF50 | |
| Williams FJ44 | F129-WR | Turbofan | 1,900 lbf | July 12, 1988 | Cessna CitationJet |
| WR36-1 | F121-WR-100 | 2-stage axial fan, 6-stage axial compressor, single spool turbofan | 70 lbf | July 30, 1984 | Northrop AGM-136A Tacit Rainbow |
| WR38-15 / WJ38-15 / P8300‐15 | F122-WR-100 | twin-shaft, axial-centrifugal-flow turbofan | 900 lbf | 2002 | Northrop AGM-137A/MGM-137B TSSAM, Taurus KEPD 350 |
| Williams WR34 | Turboshaft | ||||
| Williams WTS117 | Canadair CL-327 |
