Mark of Ephesus was a 15th-century Byzantine monk, theologian, and archbishop who lived in Constantinople. A dedicated follower of Gregory Palamas, he was a prolific hymnographer and scholar. He is most famous for his role at the Council of Ferrara–Florence, where he initially supported the union but eventually became the primary leader of the Orthodox opposition. By rejecting the council's agreement due to its inconsistency with established dogmas, he earned a reputation as a defender of the faith. He is venerated as a saint in both Catholic and Orthodox traditions.
Life and work
Born Manuel Eugenikos around 1392, he received an education in philosophy and mathematics. As the Metropolitan of Ephesus, he participated extensively in the theological debates at the Council of Ferrara–Florence. During these proceedings, he authored various works, including arguments against the existence of purgatory and critiques of Latin teachings. He remained a steadfast proponent of hesychast theology throughout his life.
Veneration and legacy
Recognized as a pillar of Orthodoxy, he is honored alongside Photius the Great and Gregory Palamas. His feast day is observed on January 19, marking the transfer of his relics. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates him as a saint, and his theological writings continue to influence modern ecumenical dialogues between Eastern and Western traditions.