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UZenzile Miriam Makeba (4 ngoNdasa 1932 – 9 ngoLwezi 2008) ungumculi nomzabalazi nomlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika. Amaculo akhe aziwayo aqukatha uPata Pata noQongqothwane. Uyaziwa futhi umsebenzi wakhe wokuphikisana nohulumeni wobandlulo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ubizwa ngo-“Mama Africa”.
Ebuncaneni bakhe
Uvela eGoli eNingizimu Afrika. Ngo1954 uMakeba wahlanganyela ibhendi i- “Manhattan Brothers”, bese wenza ibhendi labesifazane, i-Skylarks. UMakeba wayedlala nakumafilimu u-“Come Back Africa” (1957) no “King Kong (1959). UMakeba wacula amaculo amabili kwifilimu u-“Come Back Africa.” Lifilimu ngezimpilo zabantu emalokishini. Ifilimu ligxeka uhulumeni waseNinginzimu Afrika.
Ngo1960, washiya iNingizimu Afrika, wahlala kuqala eLondon, kamuva eMelika. Uma wafuna ukubuyela eNingizimu Afrika ukuba avakashele umama wakhe ogulayo, waqala ukuzwa ukuthi ipasipoti lakhe laseNingizimu Afrika lithathiwe.
Ngo1960 uMiriam Makeba wadlala irekhodi lakhe lokuqala laphoecula yedwa. Wacula ihubo “Qongqothwane” noma “The Click Song”. Liculo lesiXhosa elaliculwa ngomshado. Kamuva, wathola ukuthi abelungu baseNingizimu Afrika babiza leli culo ngoClick Song ngoba abakwazi ukuthi Qongqothwane.
Ngo1963 uMiriam Makeba wakhuluma ngohulumeli wobandlululo Ezizwe Ezihlangeneyo. UMiriam Makeba noHarry Belafonte baqamba irekhodi “An Evening With Belafonte/Makeba.” Leli reckhodi lazuza i-Grammy ngo1966. Iculo lakhe uPata Pata laphumelela. EMelika layiBillboard Hot 100. UMiriam Makeba wathi, “leli culo lincane” ngoba lalingomdanso. Kodwa lalithandwa kakhulu.
Ngo1966 wagana isazimculo uHugh Masekela. Bahlangana ngesikhathi besebenzela ifilimu uKing Kong. Bahlukanisile ngo1966. Futhi ngo1986 wacula kwi-albhamu “Graceland” noPaul Simon neLadysmith Black Mambazo. Leli albhamu alizuzanga i-Grammy kodwa kwakukhona ukuphikisana ngoba abantu abanye babecabanga ukuthi uPaul Simon waduba ibhoyikhothi kahulumeni wobandlulo waseNingizimu Afrika.
Ngo1968 uMiriam Makeba washada futhi. Washada uStokely Carmichael owayengumzabalazi wamalungelo abantu eMelika. Babengathandwa eMelika, yingakho baya eGuinea. Bahlala eGuinea, kodwa uMiriam Makeba wacula emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Wacula eZaire ngo1974 ngesikathi se-Rumble in the Jungle, umlo wesibhakela kaGeorge Forman noMuhammed Ali. Ngo1990 wabuyela eNingizimu Afrika. Wenza i-albhamu uHomeland. UThabo Mbeki wamkhethela i-Goodwill Ambassador yeNingizimu Afrika. Waqhubeka esacula emhlabeni jikelele. Wayeyocula eItaly ngesikhathi lapho washona ngomuhla we-9 kaNovemba ngo2008.
