Niobium, umwhile columbium, is a chemical element wi the seembol Nb (umwhile Cb) an atomic nummer 41. It is a saft, grey, ductile transeetion metal, whilk is aften foond in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial soorce for niobium, an columbite. The name comes frae Greek meethology: Niobe, dauchter o Tantalus.
Niobium
All data from the card 40
- Pronunciation
- (ny-OH-bee-əm)
- Appearance
- gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
- Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Nb)
- 92.90637(1)
- Atomic nummer (Z)
- 41
- Group
- group 5
- Period
- period 5
- Block
- d-block
- Element category
- Transeetion metal
- Electron confeeguration
- [Kr] 4d4 5s1
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 12, 1
- Phase at STP
- solid
- Meltin pynt
- 2750 K (2477 °C, 4491 °F)
- Bylin pynt
- 5017 K (4744 °C, 8571 °F)
- Density (near r.t.)
- 8.57 g/cm3
- Heat o fusion
- 30 kJ/mol
- Heat o vapourisation
- 689.9 kJ/mol
- Molar heat capacity
- 24.60 J/(mol·K)
- at T (K)
- 2942
- Oxidation states
- −3, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
- Electronegativity
- Pauling scale: 1.6
- Ionisation energies
- 1st: 652.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol
- Atomic radius
- empirical: 146 pm
- Covalent radius
- 164±6 pm
- Naitural occurrence
- primordial
- Creestal structur
- cubic bouk-centred[[File:cubic bouk-centred|frameless|alt=Cubic bouk-centred creestal structur for niobium|upright=0.23|Cubic bouk-centred creestal structur for niobium]]
- Speed o soond thin rod
- 3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
- Thermal expansion
- 7.3 µm/(m·K)
- Thermal conductivity
- 53.7 W/(m·K)
- Electrical resistivity
- 152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
- Magnetic orderin
- paramagnetic
- Young's modulus
- 105 GPa
- Shear modulus
- 38 GPa
- Bulk modulus
- 170 GPa
- Poisson ratio
- 0.40
- Mohs haurdness
- 6.0
- Vickers haurdness
- 870–1320 MPa
- Brinell haurdness
- 735–2450 MPa
- CAS Nummer
- 7440-03-1
- Namin
- after Niobe in Greek meethologie, dochter o Tantalus (tantalum)
- Diskivery
- Charles Hatchett (1801)
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