Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (pangucap cara Spanyol:; lair 18 Oktober 1929; umur 97 taun) yaiku pulitikus Nikaragua sing ngejabat minangka Presidhen Nikaragua saka taun 1990 nganti 1997. Dhèwèké wong wadon kapisan lan siji-sijine sing megang jabatan presidhen ing Nikaragua.
Otobiografi
- Chamorro, Violeta Barrios De; Fernández, Guido; Baltodano, Sonia Cruz De (1996). Sueños Del Corazón: Memorias [Dreams of the Heart: The Autobiography of President Violeta Barrios De Chamorro of Nicaragua]. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684810553.
Sumber
- Anderson, Leslie E.; Dodd, Lawrence C. (2009). Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990–2001. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-01974-1.
- Arnson, Cynthia; Holiday, David (1991). Fitful Peace: Human Rights and Reconciliation in Nicaragua Under the Chamorro Government. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-034-6.
- Baldwin, Louis (1996). Women of strength: biographies of 106 who have excelled in traditionally male fields, A.D. 61 to the present. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0250-2.
- Beckman, Peter R.; D'Amico, Francine, eds. (1995). Women in world politics: an introduction. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 0-89789-410-3.
{{cite book}}:|first2=has generic name (pitulung) - Borland, Katherine (2006). Unmasking Class, Gender, and Sexuality in Nicaraguan Festival. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-2511-9.
- Bothmann, Astrid (2015). Transitional Justice in Nicaragua 1990–2012: Drawing a Line Under the Past. Springer. ISBN 978-3-658-10503-7.
- Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de (1996). Dreams of the heart: the autobiography of President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro of Nicaragua. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81055-7.
- Chavez Metoyer, Cynthia (2000). Women and the State in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55587-751-4.
- Close, David (1999). Nicaragua: The Chamorro Years. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55587-643-2.
- Coerver, Don M.; Hall, Linda Biesele (1999). Tangled Destinies: Latin America and the United States. UNM Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-2117-6.
- Fernandez Jilberto, Alex E.; Mommen, Andre (2012). Liberalization in the Developing World: Institutional and Economic Changes in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-82583-7.
- González-Rivera, Victoria (2011). Before the Revolution: Women's Rights and Right-wing Politics in Nicaragua, 1821–1979. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-04870-3.
- Guillermoprieto, Alma (1995). The heart that bleeds: Latin America now. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-75795-5.
- Hamilton, Lee H.; Inouye, Daniel K. (1995). Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7881-2602-4.
- Keen, Benjamin; Haynes, Keith (2012). A History of Latin America. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-111-84141-6.
- Korgen, Jeffry Odell (2007). Solidarity will transform the World. Orbis Books. ISBN 978-1-60833-049-2.
- Leiken, Robert S. (2003). Why Nicaragua vanished: a story of reporters and revolutionaries / Robert S. Leiken. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7425-2342-5.
- LeoGrande, William M. (2000). Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977–1992. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4857-9.
- Moreno, Dario (1994). The Struggle for Peace in Central America. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1274-2.
- Santa-Cruz, Arturo (2013). International Election Monitoring, Sovereignty, and the Western Hemisphere: The Emergence of an International Norm. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-48396-8.
- Skard, Torild (2014). Women of power: Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide. Policy Press. ISBN 978-1-4473-1637-4.
- Skidmore, Thomas E.; Smith, Peter H. (1997). Modern Latin America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510017-4.
- Staten, Clifford L. (2010). The History of Nicaragua. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-36038-1.
- Steinmetz, Sara (1994). Democratic Transition and Human Rights: Perspectives on U.S. Foreign Policy. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1433-0.
- Taylor, Lance (1993). The Rocky Road to Reform: Adjustment, Income Distribution, and Growth in the Developing World. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-20093-6.
- Vanden, Harry E.; Prevost, Gary (2002). Politics of Latin America: The Power Game. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512317-3.
- Walker, Thomas W. (1997). Nicaragua without illusions: regime transition and structural adjustment in the 1990s. SR Books. ISBN 978-0-8420-2578-2.
Pranala jaba
- Violeta de Chamorro Foundation Archived 18 June 2010[Date mismatch] at the Wayback Machine.
- Violeta Chamorro: New Direction for Nicaragua from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
- Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
- Metu ing C-SPAN
| Kalungguhan pulitik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kang sadurungé Daniel Ortega |
Presidhen Nikaragua 1990–1997 |
Kang sawisé Arnoldo Alemán |
