Hanyu Pinyin (Hanzi Sederhana: 汉语拼音; Hanzi Tradisional: 漢語拼音; Pinyin: Hànyǔ Pīnyīn;) iku tatalaku jawatjati (Ind: sistem resmi) kanggo angowahi aksara Cina menyang aksara Latin ing nagara Cina, Taiwan, Singapura, lan Malaysia kang uga karanan caralatin. Tatalaku iki kerep dinggo amulang basa Mandharin angéja jeneng Cina ing publikasi manca lan kanggo lebonan (input) menyang komputer kang anganggo aksara Kan (Cina) (汉字 / 漢字, hànzì).
Tatalaku iki digawé ing taun 1950 an M adhadhasar wangun caralatin sadurungé, lan dibabar déning pamaréntah Cina ing taun 1958 kanthi bola-bali dibenakake. The International Organization for Standardization ajupuktrima (Ind: mengadopsi) pinyin saemper caralatin baku kanthi baunagara (Ind: international) ing taun 1982 M. Tatalaku iki didadèkaké baku ing Taiwan ing taun 2009 M, lan lumrahé karan Tatalaku Swarajati Anyar.
Hànyǔ tegesé basa pocapan saka Wong Han lan pinyin kanthi barès tegesé 'swarajati' utawa 'pocapan' (Ing: phonetics).
Purwaksara
Ing saben kothakan ing ngisor, baris pisanan anuduhaké IPA, baris kaloro aaanuduhaké pinyin.
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b |
p |
d |
t |
g |
k | ||||||
| Nasal | m |
n |
||||||||||
| Affricate | z |
c |
zh |
ch |
j |
q |
||||||
| Fricative | f |
s |
sh |
x |
h | |||||||
| Liquid | l |
1 r |
||||||||||
| Semivowel | 2 or 3 y |
2 w | ||||||||||
1 bisa kanthi swarajati kocap (a voiced retroflex fricative). Pocapan iki owah miturut pamicara, lan dudu rong fonèm kang abéda.
2 Aksara "w" lan "y" ora kalebu ing tabel wiwitan iki. Ana konvènsi tatatulis tumrap medial "i", "u" lan "ü" kang ora ana ing tabel wiwitan. Yèn "i", "u" utawa "ü" pungkasan lan ora ana wiwitané, diwaca "yi", "wu", lan "yu".
3 "y" dipocapaké (a labial-palatal approximant) sadurungé "u".
Urutan kanthi konvènsional (ora kalebu w lan y), wiwitan saka tatalaku Cuin, yaiku:
b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
Wasanaksara
Cithakan:Mandarin vowels
| Kodhah | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | |||||||||||||
| Madyaksara | ∅ | -i |
e -e |
a -a |
ei -ei |
ai -ai |
ou -ou |
ao -ao |
en -en |
an -an |
-ong |
eng -eng |
ang -ang |
yi -i |
ye -ie |
ya -ia |
you -iu |
yao -iao |
yin -in |
yèn -ian |
yong -iong |
ying -ing |
yang -iang | ||||
wu -u |
wo -uo 3 |
wa -ua |
wei -ui |
wai -uai |
wen -un |
wan -uan |
weng |
wang -uang | |||||
yu -ü 2 |
yue -üe 2 |
yun -ün 2 |
yuan -üan 2 |
||||||||||
1 iku katulis er. Kanggo kabeh wasanaksara kang antuk wasanaksara-r, ora ana tatatulis kang umligi. Kandhawara angenani wasanakasara-r, bisa diwaca ing Pranata Êrhwà.
2 "ü" tinulis "u" sabubare j, q, x, utawa y.
3 "uo" tinulis "o" sabubare b, p, m, utawa f.
Kanthi tehnis, i, u, ü tanpa dieloni aksara swara iku wasanaksara, dudu madyaksara, lan amarga saka iku nganggo sandhangan laras. Saliyané iku, ê (欸, 誒) lan anuswara swarajati (Ing: syllabic nasal) m (呒, 呣), n (嗯, 唔), ng (嗯, 𠮾) kanggo interjection.
Wacan
- Yin Binyong 尹斌庸 and Mary Felley (1990). Chinese Romanization. Pronunciation and Orthography (Hanyu pinyin he zhengcifa 汉语拼音和正词法). Beijing: Sinolingua. ISBN 7-80052-148-6 / ISBN 0-8351-1930-0.
- Gao, J. K. (2005). Pinyin shorthand: a bilingual handbook = [Pinyin su ji fa]. Dallas, TX: Jack Sun. ISBN 1-59971-251-2
- Kimball, R. L. (1988). Quick reference Chinese: a practical guide to Mandarin for beginners and travelers in English, Pinyin romanization, and Chinese characters. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. ISBN 0-8351-2036-8
- Uy, Dr. Tim and Jim Hsia (ed.) (2009). Webster's Digital Chinese Dictionary: Advanced Reference Edition. Mountain View, CA: Loqu8 Press.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (pitulung) - Wu, C.-j. (1979). The Pinyin Chinese–English dictionary. Hong Kong: Commercial Press. ISBN 0-471-27557-3
Pranala njaba
- (Proper sound of pinyin from zdic.net with sounds, require java script turned on)
- Pinyin-Hanzi-English Chinese-English dictionary
- Pinyin-English news summary for learners of Chinese language
- Free Pinyin Tutorial Archived 2012-01-23 at the Wayback Machine. (Chinese & Beyond)
- Basic Rules for Hanyu Pinyin Orthography Archived 2012-08-03 at the Wayback Machine. (National Standard of the People's Republic of China (ICS 01.140.10), 1996)
- Interactive Pinyin Table Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.
- Standard Mandarin Pinyin Chart
- pinyinAID Archived 2011-12-29 at the Wayback Machine.
- Basic Rules of Hanyu Pinyin Orthography by Zhou Youguang (Pinyin.info)
- Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals (Pinyin.info)
- Chinese text annotation Archived 2010-11-01 at the Wayback Machine.
- Free Chinese Pronunciation Online
- Pinyin Listening Test for 4 Tones
- Pinyin Tone Recognition Test Archived 2021-04-13 at the Wayback Machine.
- Pinyin audio of Google Translate (mp3 files) 1243 different syllables and tones
- pinyin converter (shui3→shuǐ) Archived 2012-01-13 at the Wayback Machine.
- Refresh how to pronounce a word in Pinyin
Gwoyeu Romatzyh Official romanization adopted
by the People's Republic of China
1958-Kang sawisé
currentKang sadurungé
Wade-Giles de facto used romanization
by the People's Republic of China
1978-Kang sawisé
currentKang sadurungé
Tongyong Pinyin Official romanization adopted
by the Republic of China (Taiwan)
2009-Kang sawisé
current
