The Holocaust, jiske Hebrew bhasa me Shoah (;,) nai to HaShoah bola jaawe hae, World War II ke time Europe ke Yahudi log ke genocide rahaa. 1941 se 1945 talak, Nazi Germany aur iske saathi des aur puppet state systematically lagbhag chhe million Yhudi log ke, German-occupied Europe me, lagbhag Europe ke Yahudi abaadi ke two-thirds hissa, ke hatya kar de rahin. Ii hatya ke jaada kar ke Eastern Europe me banduuk se daag ke, extermination camps me poison gas chambers me, khaas kar ke Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, aur Chełmno occupied Poland me karaa gais rahaa. Iske alaawa Nazi persecutions aur kuchh million non-Yahudi civilians aur prisoners of war (POWs) ke bh maare rahin, Kabhi-kabhi, Holocaust sabd ke non-Yahudi log ke hatya ke bhi bola jaawe hae.
Nazi log aapan ideology racism aur "living space" ke khoj me banae rahin, aur Adolf Hitler 1933 me power me aais rahaa. Des ke sab Yahudi log ke majbuur kar ke des chhorr ke bhaage ke khaatir, November 1938 me, Nazi sarkar anti-Yahudi kaanun bane rahin, uulog ke tang kare ke prosaan de rahin, aur des bhar me ek pogrom ke laabu kare rahin, jiske Kristallnacht bola jaawat rahaa. September 1939 me, Germany ke Poland ke invasion ke baad, occupation authorities ghettos banae rahin Yahudi log ke alag kare ke khaatir. June 1941 me, Soviet Union ke invasion ke baad, 1.5 se 2 million Yahudi log ke German forces aur local collaborators banduuk se daag de rahin. 1942 ke suruwaat me, Nazis ii nischay kare rahin ki Europe ke sab Yahudi ke maar dewa jaae. Victims ke extermination camps me deport karaa gais rahaa, jahaan pe jon ii trip me bach gais rahaa ke poisonous gas se maar dewa gais rahaa, aur duusra jan ke forced labour camp me bheja gais rahaa, jahaan pe dher bhukmari, atyachaar, thakaan, nai to experimentation ke kaaran mar gay rahin. Maara gais Yahudi log ke property ke German occupiers aur non-Yahudi ke de dewa gais rahaa. Jab ki jaada jan Holocaust me 1942 me mare rahin, ii hatya May 1945 me larrai ke ant talak chalte rahaa.
Background
Yahudi log Europe me dui hajaar saal se rae hae. Middle Ages bhar, Europe me, Jews logan antisemitism based on Christian theology ke niche suffer kare rahin, jon uulog ke Jesus ke maare ke blame karat rahin. 19th century me dher Europe ke des me Yahudi log ke puura citizenship dewa gais rahaa, ii soch ke ki assimilate hoe jaien. 20th century ke suruwaat talak, jaada Yahudi, central aur western Europe me des ke samaj me integrated rahin, jab eastern Europe me, jahaan emancipation baad me aais rahaa, dher Yahudi log chhota-chhota town me rahat rahin, Yiddish bhasa me baat karat rahin, aur Orthodox Judaism ke practice karat rahin. Political antisemitism, jon Jewish question ke baare me baat karat rahin aur jaada kar ke ek international Jewish conspiracy 18th aur 19th centuries me suruu bhais rahaa, jiske kaaran rise of nationalism in Europe aur industrialization rahaa, jon Yahudi aur gaer-Yahudi ke biich me economic conflicts ke jaada kar diis rahaa. Kuchh scientists insaan ke jati me categorise kare ke suruu karin rahaa aur argue karin rahaa ki ki uulog ke biich me jindagi aur maut ke struggle rahaa. Dher racist log ii argue karin ki Yahudi log ek alag jaat ke log hae aur Europe ke nai hae.
Twentieth century ke suruwaat ke time Germany ek overseas colonial empire banae ke kosis karat rahaa, jisme Herero and Nama genocide aur baad ke racial apartheid regime South West Africa me banaa rahaa. World War I (1914–1918) ke kaaran, nationalism aur barrhaa rahaa aur aracist sentiments Germany aur duusra European des me. Yahudi log eastern Europe ke targat karaaa gais rahaa, widespread pogroms me. Germany ke WWI me dui million log mare rahin aur dher jamiin ke khoi de rahin,Treaty of Versailles ke niche; Germany me postwar settlement ke virodh Germans ke across the political spectrum ek saathe karis rahaa. Military promote karis rahaa ii idea ki German army haris nai rahaa lekin iske pithi me chhurri maare waala log socialists aur Yahudi rahaa.
Larrai ke baad, Nazi Party banaa rahaa, aur its ideology ke bataawa jaae hae ki khaas factor rahaa, jab Holocaust ke samjhaawa jaae hae. Suruu se,, the Nazis—duusra Europe ke des ke rakam— sapna dekhat rahaa ek dunia jisme Yahudi nai hae, jiske uulog identify kare rahin as "the embodiment of everything that was wrong with modernity". Nazis German des ke define kare rahin as ek racial community unbounded by Germany's physical borders aur des se foreign log aur socially deficient elements ke khatam kare maangat rahin. Nazi Party aur iske neta, Adolf Hitler, bhi maangat rahin ki Germany ke territorial losses ke reverse karaa jaawe aur iske alaawa Eastern Europe me aur jagha lewa jaae colonisation ke khaatir. Ii ideas se dher Germans sahmat rahin. Nazis European civilization ke bachae ke promise kare rahin Soviet threat se. Hitler biswas karat rahaa ki Yahudi log Soviet Union ke control kare hae,aur Western powers ke bhi, aur Yahudi log Germany ke barbaad kare ki kosis karat rahin.
Nazis ke Germany me raaj ke suruwaat
Dunia bhar ke economic depression aur political fragmentation ke kaaran, Nazi Party jor se aapan support ke barrhae rahin, jon sab se jaada 37 percent in mid-1932 elections rahaa, aisan issue me ca,paign kar ke, jaise anticommunism aur economic recovery. January 1933 me Hitler ke chancellor banaawa gais rahaa ek backroom deal me jiske right-wing politicians support kare rahin. Kuchh mahina me, duusra sab political party ke ban kar dewa gais rahaa, sarkar media ke aapan niche kar liis rahaa, hajaaro political opponents—khaas kar ke communists—ke arrest karaa gais rahaa, aur ek system of camps]] for ke nanaawa gais rahaa extrajudicial imprisonment ke khaatir. Nazi regime crime aur social outsiders ke crack down kare rahin—jaise Roma and Sinti, homosexual men, aur uu jiske workshy mmana jaawat rahaa—dher rakam se, jisme concentration camps me jahel bhi rahaa. Nazis 400,000 log ke compusorily sterilise kar de rahin aur duuse ke forced abortion karwae ke parraa rahaa, asliii nai to nakli hereditary bemaari ke khaatir.
Nazis jindagi ke sab aspects ke control kare ke kosis karat rahin, Nazi repression ke jaada kar ke uu group pe direct karaa gais rahaa jske national community se bahaar maana jaawat rahaa. Jaada Germans ke koi dar nai rahaa kaaheki uulog sarkar ke samarthan karat rahin. Nawaa sarkar aapan support ke barra karis rahaa economic growth se, jon jaada kar ke bhais rahaa state-led measures se, jaise rearmament. 1039 me Austria ke annexations (1938), Sudetenland (1938), aur Bohemia and Moravia (1939) ke kaaran Nazis ke popular support aur barrhaa rahaa. Germans ke uppar dher [propaganda barsaawa jaawt rahaa, duuni Yahudi ke virodh me aur duusra log jiske Nazis target karat rahin.
