China

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The People's Republic of China (Chinese bhasa: Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国, Traditional Chinese:中華人民共和國), eastern Asia me, ek communist des hae. China ke north me Mongolia aur Russia ke Siberia hae, south me Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar Bhutan aur Nepal aur west me Khazakistan hae. Iske east me South China Sea hae jiske uu paar Taiwan, Korea, aur Japan hae.

Iske Communist Party of China, 1 October 1949 ke banais rahaa. Iske abaadi dunia ke des me se sab se jaada hae. (1.4 billion log se jaada).

Iske capital Beijing hae, lekin Shanghae sab se barraa city hae. 1997 me United Kingdom, Hong Kong ke control aur 1999 me Portugal, Macao ke control China ke lautae diis. Ii duuno city kuch self-governing hae jab ki central government defense aur foreign affairs ke pachaas saal talak control karii. Taiwan ke Island ke People's Republic of China claim kare hae lekin uske paas ii island ke control nai hae. Taiwan, abhi ek democratic des hae jiske officially Republic of China (Taiwan) bolaa jaawe hae..

Itihaas

China ke civilization, second millennium B.C.E. se hae jab ki ii ek feudal society rahaa. Iske land area abhi ke China ke rakam dekhe me rahaa, western aur northen konaa ke chorr ke jon ke badalte rahat rahaa. Ispe Mongolian log jaise Genghis Khan aur Kublai Khan larrai karte rahin. Jab ki china first millennium C.E. aur second millennium C.E. ke suruu me bahut kuch achieve karis, ii 15th century C.E. me ek isolationaist des hoe gais.

Renaissance ke time talak Europe ke des Asia ke des ke colony banae lagis. Jab ki China ke puura koi des nai le paais rahaa, dher Europe ke des, jisme Britain main des rahaa, China me aapan influence barrhaen. Kahe ki China apne aap ke dunia ke aur des se duur rakhis rahaa, uu technology me pichhe parr gais rahaa aur British log ke roke nai paais. Ii uu time clear bhaes jab 19th century me Opium Wars me Britain China ke harrais.

1911 me monarchy ke Sun Yat-sen overthrow kar ke ek Nationalist government suruu karis. Dhire dhire Marxist philosophies faela. 1927 me Chiang Kai-shek ke niche Nationalist aur Mao Zedong ke niche Communist ke biich me larrai suruu hoe gais. 1930s me jab Japan, China ke uppar larrai suruu karis tab Nationalists aur Communists ek hoe ke Japan se larrin. Ii larrai me 10 million se jaada log ke maut hoe gais. World War II ke baad civil war fir se suruu hoe gais

1949 me Communist Red Army jiit gais aur Chiang Kai-shek aur uske Nationalists loag Taiwan bhaag gain. Mao Zedong China ke leader 1976 talak rahaa jab uske maut hoe gais. Ii time me China ke relationship Western World aur Russia se kharaab oe gais. Mao Zedong ke uske Cultural Revolution khatir bhi jaana jae hae jisme dher logke maar dewa gis rahaa. Uske baad Deng Xiaoping leader banaa. 1979 me, overabaadi problem ke kaaran, China, one-child policy laabu karis jon ke ketnaa larrkian paida karaa jaae sake hae ke uppar rok lagais.In August 2008 me China, Summer Olympics ke pahila dafe host karis.

Jagah

China, Russia ke baad, Asia ke duusra sab se barraa des hae agar khaali jamin ke dekhaa jaae lekin agar duuno jamiin aur samundar ke jorra jaae hae ta ii dunia ke duusra sab se barraa des hae. China ke border 14 des se hae.

China me dher rakam ke mausam ke jagah hae. East me, Piyar Samundar aur East China Sea ke lage jamiin bahut tagrraa hae aur hian pe dher rakam ke kheti karaa jaawe hae. Mongolia ke lage grasslands hae. South China me dher pahaarr hae. South-east china Piyar Naddi aur Yangtze Naddi ke delta hae. China ke aur naddi hae; Xi, Mekong, Brahmaputra Naddi aur Amur Naddi. West me uuncha pahaarr hae jisme se sab se uunch Himalayas hae. Uuncha plateaus me Taklamakan aur Gobi Desert hae

China ke province ke suchi

GB/T 2260-2007	ISO	Province	Chinese Hanyu Pinyin	Capital	Population (2020)	Density (per km²)	Area (km²)	Abbreviation
HE	CN-HE	Hebei	Héběi Shěng	Shijiazhuang	74,610,235	393.08	189,809	冀 Jì
SX	CN-SX	Shanxi	Shānxī Shěng	Taiyuan	34,915,616	222.80	156,713	晋 Jìn
LN	CN-LN	Liaoning	Liáoníng Shěng	Shenyang	42,591,407	289.59	147,076	辽 Liáo
JL	CN-JL	Jilin	Jílín Shěng	Changchun	24,073,453	126.51	190,282	吉 Jí
HL	CN-HL	Heilongjiang	Hēilóngjiāng Shěng	Harbin	31,850,088	67.37	472,766	黑 Hēi
JS	CN-JS	Jiangsu	Jiāngsū Shěng	Nanjing	84,748,016	847.91	99,949	苏 Sū
ZJ	CN-ZJ	Zhejiang	Zhèjiāng Shěng	Hangzhou	64,567,588	615.67	104,873	浙 Zhè
AH	CN-AH	Anhui	Ānhuī Shěng	Hefei	61,027,171	436.29	139,879	皖 Wǎn
FJ	CN-FJ	Fujian	Fújiàn Shěng	Fuzhou	41,540,086	335.66	123,756	闽 Mǐn
JX	CN-JX	Jiangxi	Jiāngxī Shěng	Nanchang	45,188,635	270.69	166,939	赣 Gàn
SD	CN-SD	Shandong	Shāndōng Shěng	Jinan	101,527,453	643.78	157,704	鲁 Lǔ
HA	CN-HA	Henan	Hénán Shěng	Zhengzhou	99,365,519	600.52	165,467	豫 Yù
HB	CN-HB	Hubei	Húběi Shěng	Wuhan	57,752,557	310.87	185,776	鄂 È
HN	CN-HN	Hunan	Húnán Shěng	Changsha	66,444,864	313.65	211,842	湘 Xiāng
GD	CN-GD	Guangdong	Guǎngdōng Shěng	Guangzhou	126,012,510	700.02	180,013	粤 Yuè
HI	CN-HI	Hainan	Hǎinán Shěng	Haikou	10,081,232	294.27	34,259	琼 Qióng
SC	CN-SC	Sichuan	Sìchuān Shěng	Chengdu	83,674,866	174.93	484,056	川(蜀) Chuān (Shǔ)
GZ	CN-GZ	Guizhou	Guìzhōu Shěng	Guiyang	38,562,148	218.93	176,140	贵(黔) Guì (Qián)
YN	CN-YN	Yunnan	Yúnnán Shěng	Kunming	47,209,277	123.20	383,195	云(滇) Yún (Diān)
SN	CN-SN	Shaanxi	Shǎnxī Shěng	Xi'an	39,528,999	192.24	205,624	陕(秦) Shǎn (Qín)
GS	CN-GS	Gansu	Gānsù Shěng	Lanzhou	25,019,831	54.70	457,382	甘(陇) Gān (Lǒng)
QH	CN-QH	Qinghai	Qīnghǎi Shěng	Xining	5,923,957	8.58	690,355	青 Qīng
TW	CN-TW	Taiwan	台湾省 Táiwān Shěng	Taipei	23,162,123	650.97	36,161	台(臺) Tái

People and Culture

Han, mainland China ke sab se barraa ethnic group hae. 2010 me, 91.51% population ke Han classify karaa gais rahaa (~1.2 billion). Han Chinese ke alawaa, 55 aur ethnic (minority) groups hae, jiske number approximately 105 million people (8%) hae, jon ki jaada kar ke are concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest.

Khass ethnic minorities in China hae Zhuang (19.6 million), Uyghurs (11 million), Hui (11.4 million), Miao (11 million), Manchu (10.4 million), Yi (9.8 million), Tujia (9.6 million), Tibetans (7 million), Mongols (6.3 million), Buyei (3.5 million), Dong (3.5 million), Yao (3.3 million), Bai (2 million), Koreans (1.7 million), Hani (1.7 million), Li (1.6 million), Kazakhs (1.5 million), and Dai (1.2 million). Lagbhag 126,000 people Canada, the United States, aur Europe se, mainland China me rahe hae. Iske alaawa, there are a number of unrecognized ethnic groups which together comprise over 730,000 people.

China ke Paramount Neta

China ke paramount neta, Chinese Communist Party aur People's Liberation Army ke control kare hae. Uu Communist Party ke General Secretary aur Chairman of the Central Military Commission bhi rahe hae.