Marasmus

Marasmus yawanci ana wakilta shi ta hanyar raguwa, lalacewar bayyanar, asarar tsoka, da kuma kitse mai a cikin manya da suka tsira, saboda karancin manyan sinadaran gina jiki da caloric (musamman furotin) wanda ke shafar ci gaba. Sauran tasirin marasmus na dogon lokaci sune karuwar haɗari na rashin aiki na pancreatic beta-cell wanda ke haifar da rashin haƙuri da glucose da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan na iya haifar da rage nauyin tsoka, da kuma karuwar kitse. Bugu da ƙari, akwai tasirin metabolism ciki har da rage ƙarancin insulin da raunin metabolism na glucose. Har ila yau, akwai karuwar haɗarin wasu NCDs (Cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa) da CVRFs (Hanyoyin haɗarin zuciya). Ba wai kawai wadanda suka tsira daga marasmus sun kamu da cutar ba, har ma da 'ya'yansu. Akwai dangantaka tsakanin waɗanda suka tsira da 'ya'yansu da ke da ƙarancin nauyin jiki yayin haihuwa. Har ila yau, akwai tasirin dogon lokaci da ke da alaƙa da methylation na kwayar halitta. Marasmus manya da suka tsira na iya samun canje-canje a cikin bayyanar kwayar halitta game da rigakafi, girma, da metabolism na glucose.

Matakai na farko a cikin ganewar asali na marasmus sun kasance ta hanyar gwajin jiki da lissafin gaɓobin jiki. Wasu daga cikin siffofin da za a iya ganowa a cikin jarrabawar jiki sune mummunan lalacewa da raguwa, suna bayyana siranta mara kyau. Ana lissafin lalacewa ta hanyar auna nauyi don tsawo. Idan yaron ya kasance ya karkata 2 daga tsarin WHO,ana daukar su a matsayin lalacewa. Ana lissafin ƙididdigar ta wannan hanyar, duk da haka, ana dogara da tsawo a ma'aunin shekaru. Ana kuma ɗaukar ma'auni ta hanyar kewayon tsakiyar sama hannu (MUAC). Bayan gwajin jiki da ma'auni, ana iya yin gwajin jini don tantance karancin furotin da kuma rashi a wasu manyan ma'adanai da bitamin. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tantance matsayin abinci mai gina jiki kuma idan akwai alamun marasmus. A cikin matsanancin yanayin kamuwa da cuta, ana gudanar da gwaji na kāshi da ƙididdigar jini. Tunda marasmus wani nau'in yanayin abinci mai gina jiki ne wanda galibi ana danganta shi da kwashiorkor, wasu masu samarwa za su ga idan edema yana nan don tabbatar da cewa marasmus ne. Kasancewar edema yana da alaƙa da kwashiorkor, ba marasmus ba.

• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki na uwa
• rashin jini na uwa
• Talauci
• Yanayin cututtuka a cikin jariri (misali, zawo)
• iska a huhu
• Cututtukan zuciya na cyanotic
• Zazzaɓi
• mutuwar tsokar hanji
• Pyloric stenosis
• Rashin haƙuri da lactose
• Zamewar hanji
• sankarau
• Anorexia nervosa

Ya zama dole a yi maganin sabbuba da mawuyacin halin na cutar, tare da hanyar kamuwa da Cutar, karancin ruwa,da cututtukan jini, wanda mafi akasari suna da hatsari kuma suna bayuwa zuwa ga rasa rayuka mai yawa in an kawar da kai. A farkon lokaci,yaron ana shayar dashi da bushashen madara,wanda haka gwaranya da ruwa zafi.Sake yanayin ciyarwa ya zama dole a yi shi a hankali don a gujewarefeeding syndrome. Ganin yara sun fara murmure wa, ya kasance suna da madaidaiciyar yanayin abinci wanda zai dai dai da abincin su. Yara masu cutar marasmus suna yawan kamuwa da cututtuka wanda akai akai hake magance su da magungunan bada garkuwa Ko wasu nau'ukan magunguna.  A ƙarshe, cutar marasmus na samun cigaban da babu matakin da ba zai magani ba,sabida jiki ya riga ya rasa ƙarfin sarrafa sinadarin furotin. A wannan lokacin,duk matakin da za'a dauka na canza wannan Cutar zae kasance a banza kuma mutuwa ya zama dole.

A fannin abinci mai gina jiki hanya mafi kyau don hana marasmus ita ce ta hanyar abinci daban-daban da isasshen abinci. Sauran dauki da kuma mayar da hankali ga takamaiman dauki shine maganin SAM, CTC (cibiyar kulawa mai zurfi), da furotin da kari na ƙananan sinadaran gina jiki. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci ga uwaye da iyalai su sami ilimi game da kulawar haihuwa, abinci mai gina jiki, da ci gaban yara. Makamashi, furotin, da magungunan ƙananun sinadaran gina jiki suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa uwa da yaro suna da isasshen abinci. Ana kuma ba da shawarar yin shayarwa na tsawon watanni 6 da watanni 24 don ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki don hana marasmus da sauran rashin abinci mai gina gina jiki na yara kasa da shekaru 2.

Baya ga abinci mai gina jiki, tabbatar da samun ruwa mai tsafta, tsaftacewa, da tsafta suna da mahimmanci wajen hana cututtukan yara da Cututtukan zawo wanda zai iya taimakawa ga marasmus da sauran cututtukan rashin wadatace abinci masu tsanani. Idan yaron yana da marasmus, da sauri zai iya zama haɗari idan yaron yana da wata cuta tunda aikin rigakafin jiki ya ragu lokacin da yaro ke da marasmus. Yana da mahimmanci ga yaro ko duk wanda ke cikin haɗarin marasmus don samun damar samun kulawa ta farko don su iya magance waɗannan cututtukan, hana cututtukan Gudawa sau da yawa da ke da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma saka idanu kan ci gaba.

Amurka

A Amurka, ba'a ganin cutar marasmus ba sosai, musamman a cikin yara. A shekara ta 1995, akwai mutane 228 kawai wanda marasmus ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar su a Amurka, daga cikinsu 3 ne kawai yara. A cikin 2016, yaduwar marasmus a Amurka ya kasance 0.5%. Yaduwar ta fi girma a cikin yara da ke asibiti, musamman wadanda ke fama da cututtukan ma su tsanani, duk da haka, ba a san ainihin abin da ya faru na marasmus ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda marasmus ba a bayar da rahoton shi a matsayin binciken shigarwa ko fitarwa.

A wajen Amurka

Akwai nau'o'i masu yawa na Rashin abinci mai gina jiki kuma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'ar duniya a halin yanzu suna fuskantar ɗaya ko fiye daga cikinsu. Akwai kusan yara miliyan 50 da ba su kai shekara biyar ba waɗanda ke da karancin abinci mai gina jiki. Daga cikin yara marasa abinci mai gina jiki a duniya, 80% suna zaune a Asiya, 15% a Afirka, da 5% a Latin Amurka. An kiyasta cewa yaduwar Rashin abinci mai gina jiki a Jamus, Faransa, Ingila, da Amurka shine 6.1-14%. A Turkiyya, yaduwar ta kai kashi 32%.

Jinsi

Babu wani bambancin launin fata da ke da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Maimakon haka, akwai dangantaka mai karfi tare da rarraba yanayin talauci.

Shekaru

Marasmus ana ganin shi ne a cikin yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru biyar saboda wannan shekarun da ake nunawa a matsayin wanda ke da karuwar buƙatun makamashi da kuma saukin kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kuma gano tsofaffi a cikin mutanen da ke da saurin kamuwa da ciwon rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Saboda ba a bayyana abin da suke bukata na abinci mai gina jiki ba, ƙoƙarin samar musu da abinci mai gina gina jiki ya zama da wahala.

Akwai kayan aikin tantancewa da gwaje-gwaje waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don taimakawa wajen gano alamomi da alamun rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin tsofaffi. Kayan Binciken Rashin Abinci (MST) kayan aiki ne na tantance rashin abinci mai gina jiki wanda aka fi amfani dashi a cikin asibitin kula da tsofaffi ko ga manya a cikin asibiti / asibiti. Ya haɗa da sigogi kamar asarar nauyi da yunwa.

Mutanen da ke furusin, sansanonin da sansanonin gudun hijira.

Wadanda ke cikin talauci suna iya kamuwa da marasmus da sauran rashi na abinci mai gina jiki. Saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki tun yana yaro, wadanda suka tsira daga marasmus sau da yawa suna da mummunan damar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki saboda tasgaro a cikin shekarun ci kuruciyar su. Tun da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaba, waɗanda ke da marasmus suna da tasiri ta hanyar lalacewar ci gaban ƙwaƙwalwa. Wannan yana haifar da asarar ilimi a farkon shekarun makaranta, wanda ke haifar da iyakance damar ilimi da sana'a. Rigakafin na iya zama kamar inganta ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da samun dama, da kuma kawar da talauci hanyoyi ne na rage haɗarin haɓaka waɗannan rashi.

• Yunwa
• Cachexia
• Rashin ƙarfi
• Kwashiorkor
• guba na furotin