factograf
GPE

sovereign state insyd Africa

Somalia

Somalia

Key facts

year dem found am1960
countrySomalia
capitalMogadishu
continentAfrica
anthemQolobaa Calankeed

Somalia, officially de Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), be country for de Horn of Africa. De country dey share border plus Ethiopia go de west, Djibouti go de northwest, de Gulf of Aden go de north, de Indian Ocean go de east, den Kenya go de southwest. Somalia get de longest coastline for Africa ein mainland. Ein terrain dey consist mainly of plateaus, plains, den highlands. Hot conditions dey prevail year-round, plus periodic monsoon winds den irregular rainfall. Somalia get estimated population of around 17.1 million, wey ova 2 million dey live insyd de capital den largest city Mogadishu, wey dem describe am as Africa ein most culturally homogeneous country. Around 85% of ein residents be ethnic Somalis, wey historically dem inhabit de country ein north. Ethnic minorities dey largely concentrate insyd de south. De official languages of Somalia be Somali den Arabic. Chaw people for de country insyd be Muslims, de majority of dem be Sunni.

Somalia ein GDP per capita be one of de world ein lowest, wey edey belong to de least developed country group. Insyd 2019, Somalia get de lowest HDI for de world insyd, den for de same year insyd, 69% of Somalia ein population dey live below de poverty line. As of 2023, dem place Somalia de highest insyd de Fragile States Index. Edey maintain informal economy wey mainly dey base for livestock top, remittances from Somalis wey dey job abroad, den telecommunications. Ebe member of de United Nations, de Arab League, African Union, Non-Aligned Movement, East African Community, den de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

Geography

Administrative divisions

Dem divide Somalia into eighteen regions (gobollada, singular gobol), wey in turn dem subdivide into districts. De regions be:

Regions of Somalia
Region Area (km2) Population Capital
Awdal 21,374 1,010,566 Borama
Bari 70,088 719,512 Bosaso
Nugal 26,180 392,697 Garowe
Mudug 72,933 717,863 Galkayo
Galguduud 46,126 569,434 Dusmareb
Hiran 31,510 520,685 Beledweyne
Middle Shabelle 22,663 516,036 Jowhar
Banaadir 370 1,650,227 Mogadishu
Lower Shabelle 25,285 1,202,219 Barawa
Togdheer 38,663 721,363 Burao
Bakool 26,962 367,226 Xuddur
Woqooyi Galbeed 28,836 1,242,003 Hargeisa
Bay 35,156 792,182 Baidoa
Gedo 60,389 508,405 Garbahaarreey
Middle Juba 9,836 362,921 Bu'aale
Lower Juba 42,876 489,307 Kismayo
Sanaag 53,374 544,123 Erigavo
Sool 25,036 327,428 Las Anod

Demographics

Urban areas

Largest cities anaa towns insyd Somalia
Rank Name Region Pop. Rank Name Region Pop.
1 Mogadishu Banaadir 2,610,000 11 Baidoa bay 144,345
2 Hargeisa Woqooyi Galbeed 1,127,000 12 Galkayo Mudug 137,667
3 Burao Togdheer 425,000 13 Afgooye Lower Shabelle 135,012
4 Beledweyne Hiran 227,761 14 Qoryoley Lower Shabelle 134,205
5 Jowhar Middle Shebelle 218,027 15 Jamame Lower Juba 129,149
6 Borama Awdal 215,616 16 Burhakaba Bay 125,616
7 Merca Lower Shabelle 192,939 17 Balcad Middle Shabelle 120,434
8 Kismayo Lower Juba 166,667 18 Erigavo Sanaag 114,846
9 Bosaso Bari 164,906 19 Jilib Middle Juba 113,415
10 Wanlaweyn Lower Shabelle 155,643 20 Bardere Gedo 106,172

List

Name Portrait Birth–Death Dem elect Take office Lef office Political party
• Somali Republic (1960–1969) •
1 Aden Adde 1908–2007 1960 1 July 1960 10 June 1967 SYL
2 Abdirashid Shermarke 1919–1969 1967 10 June 1967 15 October 1969

(Assassinated)

SYL
— Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein

Acting President

1912–2012 — 15 October 1969 21 October 1969

(Dem depose am)

SYL
• Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991) •
3 Siad Barre 1919–1995 1980

1986

21 October 1969 26 January 1991

(Dem depose am)

Military /

SRSP

• Interim Government of Somalia (1991–1997) •
4 Ali Mahdi Muhammad 1939– 1991 27 January 1991 3 January 1997 USC
5 Mohamed Farrah Aidid 1934— 1996 3 January 1995 1 August 1996 Independent
6 Hussein Farrah Aidid 1962 — 1 August 1996 20 March 1998 Independent
— Somali National Alliance — 20 March 1998 2000 Co-Chairmen of National Salvation Council
— Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council — 2000 27 August 2000 Independent
• Transitional National Government of Somalia (2000–2004) •
7 Mohamed Abshir Muse 1926 – 2017 13 August 2000 22 August 2000 Independent
8 Abdallah Isaaq Deerow 1950–2006 22 August 2000 27 August 2000 Independent
9 Abdiqasim Salad 1941– 2000 27 August 2000 1 July 2003 Independent
10 Abdinur Darman 1953– 1 July 2003 14 October 2003 Independent
9 Abdiqasim Salad 1941– 14 October 2003 14 October 2004 Independent
• Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (2004–2012) •
11 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 1934–2012 2004 14 October 2004 29 December 2008

(Resigned)

Independent
12 Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 1964– 5 June 2006 29June 2006 Islamic Courts Union
13 Hassan Dahir Aweys 1935— 29 June 2006 29 December 2006 Islamic Courts Union
14 Aden Madobe

Acting President

1957– — 29 December 2008 31 January 2009 RRA
12 Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 1964– 2009 31 January 2009 20 August 2012 ARS
• Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) •
15 Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle

Acting President

1939– — 20 August 2012 28 August 2012 Independent
16 Mohamed Osman Jawari

Acting President

1945–2024 — 28 August 2012 16 September 2012 Independent
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– 2012 16 September 2012 16 February 2017 PDP
18 Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed 1962– 2017 16 February 2017 16 February 2021 TPP
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– 2021 16 February 2021 16 February 2022 PDP
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– 2022 16 February 2022 6 June 2022 PDP
— H.E.Sadia Haji Samatar 1955– 6 June 2022 28 August 2022 PDP
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– — 28 August 2022 Incumbent PDP

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