Cape Verde anaa Cabo Verde, alias Republic of Cabo Verde, be sam archipelago den island country for central Atlantic Ocean insyd, wey dey consist of ten volcanic islands plus combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi). Dese islands dey lie between 600 den 850 kilometres (320 den 460 nautical miles) west of Cap-Vert, de westernmost point of continental Africa. De Cape Verde islands dey form part of de Macaronesia ecoregion, along plus de Azores, de Canary Islands, Madeira, den de Savage Isles.
Cape Verde ein official language be Portuguese. De recognized national language be Cape Verdean Creole, wey dem dey speak by de vast majority of de population. As of de 2021 census de most populated islands be Santiago, wer de capital Praia dey locate (269,370), São Vicente (74,016), Santo Antão (36,632), Fogo (33,519) den Sal (33,347). De largest cities be Praia (137,868), Mindelo (69,013), Espargos (24,500) den Assomada (21,297).
Etymology
Dem name de country after de Cap-Vert peninsula, for de Senegalese coast top. De name Cap-Vert, in turn, dey cam from de Portuguese language Cabo Verde ('green cape'), de name wey Portuguese explorers give de cape insyd 1444, few years before dem cam across de islands.
Government den politics
International recognition
Insyd 2013 then United States Presido Barack Obama say Cape Verde be "a real success story". Among oda achievements, na dem recognize am plus de assessments wey dey follow:
| Index | Score | PALOP rank | CPLP rank | African rank | World rank | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Development Index | 0.654 | 1 (top 17%) | 3 (top 38%) | 10 (top 19%) | 125 (top 62%) | 2017 |
| Ibrahim Index of African Governance | 71.1 | 1 (top 17%) | — | 3 (top 6%) | — | 2018 |
| Freedom of the Press | 27 (Free) | 1 (top 17%) | 2 (top 25%) | 1 (top 2%) | 48 (top 24%) | 2014 |
| Freedom in the World | 1/1 | 1 (top 17%) | 1 (top 13%) | 1 (top 2%) | 1 (top 1%) | 2016 |
| Press Freedom Index | 18.02 | 1 (top 17%) | 2 (top 25%) | 3 (top 6%) | 27 (top 14%) | 2017 |
| Democracy Index | 7.88 (Flawed democracy) | 1 (top 17%) | 1 (top 13%) | 2 (top 4%) | 26 (top 13%) | 2018 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index | 59 | 1 (top 17%) | 2 (top 25%) | 2 (top 4%) | 38 (top 19%) | 2016 |
| Index of Economic Freedom | 66.5 | 1 (top 17%) | 1 (top 13%) | 3 (top 6%) | 57 (top 28%) | 2016 |
| e-Government Readiness Index | 0.3551 | 1 (top 17%) | 3 (top 38%) | 14 (top 26%) | 127 (top 63%) | 2014 |
| Failed States Index | 74.1 | 1 (top 17%) | 3 (top 38%) | 8 (top 15%) | 93 (top 46%) | 2014 |
| Networked Readiness Index | 3.8 | 1 (top 17%) | 3 (top 38%) | 7 (top 13%) | 87 (top 43%) | 2015 |
Geography
Climate
| Climate data for Cape Verde: São Vicente, Sal den Santiago, 1981–2010 normals, 1931–1960 extremes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.0
(89.6) |
33.1
(91.6) |
34.2
(93.6) |
33.4
(92.1) |
33.3
(91.9) |
34.1
(93.4) |
33.6
(92.5) |
38.0
(100.4) |
34.8
(94.6) |
33.0
(91.4) |
33.0
(91.4) |
31.0
(87.8) |
38.0
(100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.9
(76.8) |
25.1
(77.2) |
25.8
(78.4) |
25.9
(78.6) |
26.6
(79.9) |
27.3
(81.1) |
28.2
(82.8) |
29.4
(84.9) |
29.9
(85.8) |
29.5
(85.1) |
28.2
(82.8) |
26.3
(79.3) |
27.3
(81.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.1
(71.8) |
21.9
(71.4) |
22.4
(72.3) |
22.7
(72.9) |
23.4
(74.1) |
24.3
(75.7) |
25.3
(77.5) |
26.5
(79.7) |
26.9
(80.4) |
26.4
(79.5) |
25.2
(77.4) |
23.4
(74.1) |
24.2
(75.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.4
(66.9) |
19.1
(66.4) |
19.3
(66.7) |
19.8
(67.6) |
20.6
(69.1) |
21.6
(70.9) |
22.7
(72.9) |
23.9
(75.0) |
24.5
(76.1) |
23.8
(74.8) |
22.6
(72.7) |
20.9
(69.6) |
21.5
(70.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.0
(53.6) |
10.0
(50.0) |
12.0
(53.6) |
15.0
(59.0) |
15.0
(59.0) |
15.0
(59.0) |
17.0
(62.6) |
14.5
(58.1) |
19.0
(66.2) |
18.5
(65.3) |
17.0
(62.6) |
16.0
(60.8) |
10.0
(50.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.9
(0.19) |
1.5
(0.06) |
0.7
(0.03) |
0.4
(0.02) |
0.3
(0.01) |
0.0
(0.0) |
3.9
(0.15) |
30.2
(1.19) |
41.7
(1.64) |
18.8
(0.74) |
3.7
(0.15) |
3.1
(0.12) |
109.2
(4.3) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66.9 | 67.3 | 66.9 | 67.8 | 69.5 | 72.3 | 73.8 | 75.3 | 76.0 | 73.5 | 70.7 | 69.5 | 70.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 213.4 | 184.9 | 197.1 | 199.0 | 195.4 | 175.1 | 165.4 | 160.7 | 165.1 | 185.3 | 186.2 | 202.9 | 2,230.5 |
| Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes) | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Dem divide Cape Verde into 22 municipalities (concelhos) wey dem subdivide am into 32 parishes (freguesias), dem base for de religious parishes wey na exist during de colonial period top:
| Island | Municipality | Census 2010 | Census 2021 | Parish |
| Santo Antão | Ribeira Grande | 18,890 | 15,022 | Nossa Senhora do Rosário |
| Nossa Senhora do Livramento | ||||
| Santo Crucifixo | ||||
| São Pedro Apóstolo | ||||
| Paúl | 6,997 | 5,696 | Santo António das Pombas | |
| Porto Novo | 18,028 | 15,014 | São João Baptista | |
| Santo André | ||||
| São Vicente | São Vicente | 76,107 | 74,016 | Nossa Senhora da Luz |
| Santa Luzia | ||||
| São Nicolau | Ribeira Brava | 7,580 | 6,978 | Nossa Senhora da Lapa |
| Nossa Senhora do Rosário | ||||
| Tarrafal de São Nicolau | 5,237 | 5,261 | São Francisco | |
| Sal | Sal | 25,765 | 33,347 | Nossa Senhora das Dores |
| Boa Vista | Boa Vista | 9,162 | 12,613 | Santa Isabel |
| São João Baptista |
| Island | Municipality | Census 2010 | Census 2021 | Parish |
| Maio | Maio | 6,952 | 6,298 | Nossa Senhora da Luz |
| Santiago | Praia | 131,602 | 142,009 | Nossa Senhora da Graça |
| São Domingos | 13,808 | 13,958 | Nossa Senhora da Luz | |
| São Nicolau Tolentino | ||||
| Santa Catarina | 43,297 | 37,472 | Santa Catarina | |
| São Salvador do Mundo | 8,677 | 7,452 | São Salvador do Mundo | |
| Santa Cruz | 26,609 | 25,004 | Santiago Maior | |
| São Lourenço dos Órgãos | 7,388 | 6,317 | São Lourenço dos Órgãos | |
| Ribeira Grande de Santiago | 8,325 | 7,632 | Santíssimo Nome de Jesus | |
| São João Baptista | ||||
| São Miguel | 15,648 | 12,906 | São Miguel Arcanjo | |
| Tarrafal | 18,565 | 16,620 | Santo Amaro Abade | |
| Fogo | São Filipe | 22,228 | 20,732 | São Lourenço |
| Nossa Senhora da Conceição | ||||
| Santa Catarina do Fogo | 5,299 | 4,725 | Santa Catarina do Fogo | |
| Mosteiros | 9,524 | 8,062 | Nossa Senhora da Ajuda | |
| Brava | Brava | 5,995 | 5,594 | São João Baptista |
| Nossa Senhora do Monte |
Demographics
| Largest cities anaa towns insyd Cape Verde
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Distribuição da população residente – RGPH 2010: População urbana) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | Municipality | Pop. | ||||||
| 1 | Praia | Praia | 127,832 | ||||||
| 2 | Mindelo | São Vicente | 70,468 | ||||||
| 3 | Santa Maria | Sal | 23,839 | ||||||
| 4 | Assomada | Santa Catarina | 12,026 | ||||||
| 5 | Porto Novo | Porto Novo | 9,430 | ||||||
| 6 | Pedra Badejo | Santa Cruz | 9,345 | ||||||
| 7 | São Filipe | São Filipe | 8,125 | ||||||
| 8 | Tarrafal | Tarrafal | 6,177 | ||||||
| 9 | Sal Rei | Boa Vista | 5,407 | ||||||
| 10 | Ribeira Grande | Ribeira Grande | 4,625 | ||||||
