Proterius of Alexandria was a 5th-century prelate who served as the Patriarch of Alexandria from 451 until his death in 457. He was chosen by the Council of Chalcedon to succeed Dioscorus, who had been removed from his position by the same council. His appointment caused significant religious division in Alexandria, as many local supporters of the previous leader rejected his authority. This period marked the start of a long-standing schism between the Chalcedonian and anti-Chalcedonian factions within the Alexandrian church.
Life and death
Following his election, Proterius faced intense opposition from local groups who favored the deposed Dioscorus. This conflict led to civil unrest in Alexandria. In 457, after the anti-Chalcedonian party elected Timothy Aelurus, Proterius was killed. Historical accounts differ on whether he was martyred by a local mob or killed by the Byzantine military garrison present in the city.
Veneration
He is recognized as a saint within the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions. In these churches, he is specifically honored as a hieromartyr. However, the Coptic Orthodox Church does not recognize his legitimacy, viewing his predecessors as the rightful leaders during that era.