Joseph Volotsky was a prominent Russian theologian and monastic leader who lived from approximately 1440 to 1515. Born Ivan Sanin into a wealthy family in the Grand Principality of Moscow, he eventually became the abbot of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, which he founded in 1479. He is most recognized for his theological writings and his vigorous defense of monastic landownership against the non-possessors. Additionally, he was an early advocate for the absolute authority of the tsars, viewing them as divine deputies on Earth.
Life and work
After entering the Borovsk Monastery in 1459, Joseph sought to implement strict monastic discipline. Following disagreements with other monks, he established his own monastery near Volokolamsk, emphasizing total obedience to the abbot. He played a decisive role in the Church Sobor of 1503, where his faction successfully protected the right of monasteries to hold land. He also fought against the Judaizers, writing The Enlightener to argue against their teachings and calling for state intervention against heretics.
Veneration
The Russian Orthodox Church recognizes him as a saint, having completed his canonization processes in 1579 and 1591. His feast days are observed on September 9, October 18, and September 22. He is traditionally regarded as a patron of businessmen.