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Logika proposisional

Kalkulus proposisional adalah sistem formal untuk menyatakan rumus proposisi dan membuktikannya dengan cara menggabungkan rumus atomik dan operator logika.

Beberapa contoh operator logika adalah:

  • {\displaystyle \lnot } (negasi)
  • {\displaystyle \land } (konjungsi)
  • {\displaystyle \lor } (disjungsi)
  • {\displaystyle \rightarrow } (implikasi)
  • {\displaystyle \leftrightarrow } (ekuivalensi)
Bentuk-bentuk argumen
Nama Sequent
Modus Ponens {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land p)\vdash q}
Modus Tollens {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land \neg q)\vdash \neg p}
Silogisme Hipotesis {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land (q\to r))\vdash (p\to r)}
Silogisme Disjungtif {\displaystyle ((p\lor q)\land \neg p)\vdash q}
Dilema Konstruktif {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land (r\to s)\land (p\lor r))\vdash (q\lor s)}
Dilema Destruktif {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land (r\to s)\land (\neg q\lor \neg s))\vdash (\neg p\lor \neg r)}
Dilema Bidireksi {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land (r\to s)\land (p\lor \neg s))\vdash (q\lor \neg r)}
Simplifikasi {\displaystyle (p\land q)\vdash p}
Konjungsi {\displaystyle p,q\vdash (p\land q)}
Penambahan {\displaystyle p\vdash (p\lor q)}
Komposisi {\displaystyle ((p\to q)\land (p\to r))\vdash (p\to (q\land r))}
Teorema De Morgan {\displaystyle \neg (p\land q)\vdash (\neg p\lor \neg q)}
Komutasi {\displaystyle (p\lor q)\vdash (q\lor p)}
Asosiasi {\displaystyle (p\lor (q\lor r))\vdash ((p\lor q)\lor r)}
Distribusi {\displaystyle (p\land (q\lor r))\vdash ((p\land q)\lor (p\land r))}
Dobel Negasi {\displaystyle p\vdash \neg \neg p}
Transposisi {\displaystyle (p\to q)\vdash (\neg q\to \neg p)}
Implikasi {\displaystyle (p\to q)\vdash (\neg p\lor q)}
Ekuivalensi {\displaystyle (p\leftrightarrow q)\vdash ((p\to q)\land (q\to p))}
Tautologi {\displaystyle p\vdash (p\lor p)}
Tertium non datur {\displaystyle \vdash (p\lor \neg p)}
Non-Kontradiksi {\displaystyle \vdash \neg (p\land \neg p)}

Pustaka

  • Brown, Frank Markham (2003), Boolean Reasoning: The Logic of Boolean Equations, 1st edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA. 2nd edition, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY.
  • Chang, C.C., dan Keisler, H.J. (1973), Model Theory, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  • Kohavi, Zvi (1978), Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 1st edition, McGraw–Hill, 1970. 2nd edition, McGraw–Hill, 1978.
  • Korfhage, Robert R. (1974), Discrete Computational Structures, Academic Press, New York, NY.
  • Lambek, J. dan Scott, P.J. (1986), Introduction to Higher Order Categorical Logic, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  • Mendelson, Elliot (1964), Introduction to Mathematical Logic, D. Van Nostrand Company.

Pranala luar

  • www.ltn.lv/~podnieks/mlog/ml2.htm
  • www.fecundity.com/logic/

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