Gustav Klimt (Baumgarten, Austria, 1862ko uztailaren 14a - Viena, 1918ko otsailaren 6a) margolari sinbolista austriarra eta Vienako Art Nouveau edo Sezession estiloko kide garrantzitsuenetarikoa izan zen. Haren lan garrantzitsuenen artean margolanak, horma-irudiak eta beste mota batzuetako arte lan asko daude. Gairik maiteena eta gehien jorratu zuena emakumearen gorputza izan zen, beti ere erotismo ugariz blai.
Formazioa eta hasierako lanak
Vienako Ofizio eta Arte Eskolan egin zituen ikasketak 1879 eta 1883 urteen artean, eta arte dekoratiboen teknikak landu zituen bertan. Hamalau urterekin, Arte Aplikatuen Eskolan sartu eta prestakuntza ikastaroa egin behar izan zuen. Michael Rieser, Ludwing Minnigerode eta Karl Hrachowina izan zituen irakasle. Klimten Ernst eta Georg anaiak Arte Aplikatuen Eskolako ikasleak ere izan ziren. Georg eskultorea eta zizelkaria izan zen, eta anaiaren koadroentzat hainbat marko diseinatu zituen. Klimt, bestalde, Munich eta Vienako unibertsitateetako ohorezko kidea ere izan zen.
Vienako Arte Aplikatuen Eskolako ikasketak amaitu zituenean, Ernst Klimt anaiak eta Franz Matsch-ek sortutako Artisten Konpainian sartu zen. Lehen lan garrantzitsua 1883an egin zuen: Fiumeko Udal Antzokia dekoratu zuen, Jugoslavia ohian. Pinturak, horma-irudiak, marrazkiak eta beste zenbait arte-lan dira Klimten lan ezagunenak. Horietako gehienak Vienan daude ikusgai. Wiener Sezession delakoaren sortzaile eta eragile nagusia izan zen, eta baita honen Ver Sacrum egunkariarena ere. Urrea erabili izan zuen bere koadroetan, eta hori da, zehazki, Klimten lanen ezaugarrietako bat.
Halaber, bere margoetan batez ere emakumearen gorputza eta biluztasuna islatzeagatik ere ezaguna da Klimten lana. Art Nouveau mugimenduaren irizpideei segiz, gainera, segurtasuna adierazten zuten emakumeak margotu zituen, lorez eta urrez inguratutako lamiak balira bezala. Vienako burgesiako emakumeak izan ziren, oro har, Klimten koadroetarako modelo lanetan aritu zirenak, baina margolariaren musa izan ziren bizimodu apalagoko hainbat emakume eta sexu-langile ere.
Emakumearen sexualitatea izan zen koadro gehienetan landu zuen gaia, eta baita maskulinitatearekiko oreka ere. Eragin neoplatonikoak ditu, bada. Emakumearen inguruko lanetan bizitzaren zikloari heltzen dio, bere aldi guztietan: ernalketa, haurdunaldia, haurtzaroa, gaztaroa, zahartzaroa, osasuna eta edertasuna, gaixotasuna eta heriotza.
Gustav Klimt Vienan hil zen, isuri baten ondorioz, eta Hietzing-eko hilerrian lurperatu zuten. Naziek haren hainbat lan konfiskatu zituzten, baina aurkariek aurrera egiten zuten heinean, eta Klimten lanak gerra-sari bihurtuko zirela ohartuta, konfiskatutako koadroak gordetzen zituzten gaztelua erretzea erabaki zuten.
2006ko ekainean, Gustav Klimtek margotutako Adele Bloch-Bauerren erretratua historiako koadrorik garestiena bihurtu zen, 135 milioi dolarretan saldu ondoren.
Lanak
| irudi | Artikulua | Data | Bilduma |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Serpents II | 1900s | No/unknown value | |
| Portrait of Friedericke Maria Beer | 1916 | Tel Aviv Museum of Art | |
| Portrait of Emilie Flöge | 1902 | Vienna Museum | |
| Schubert at the Piano II | 1899 | ||
| Portrait of Ria Munch III | 1917 | No/unknown value | |
| Goldfish | 1902 | Kunstmuseum Solothurn | |
| Apple Tree II | 1916 | No/unknown value Fondation Louis-Vuitton | |
| Woman With a Fan | 1917 | No/unknown value | |
| The Dancer | 1910s | No/unknown value | |
| Expectation | 1911 | MAK – Museum of Applied Arts | |
| The Knight | 1900s | MAK – Museum of Applied Arts | |
| Fable | 1883 | Vienna Museum | |
| Auditorium of the old Burgtheater | 1888 | Vienna Museum | |
| Friends I | 1907 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Prince William Nii Nortey Dowuona | 1890s | ||
| Schubert at the Piano I | 1896 | No/unknown value | |
| Water Castle | 1900s | National Gallery Prague | |
| Portrait of the pianist Joseph Pembauer | 1890 | Tyrolean State Museum | |
| Allegory of Sculpture | 1889 | MAK – Museum of Applied Arts | |
| Church in Unterach | 1916 | ||
| Birch Forest | 1903 | Paul G. Allen Collection Belvedere Galeria No/unknown value | |
| Schoenbrunn landscape | 1916 | No/unknown value | |
| Seeufer mit Birken | 1901 | No/unknown value | |
| Church in Cassone | 1913 | No/unknown value | |
| Farmhouse with birch trees | 1900 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| The Black Feathered Hat | 1910 | No/unknown value Neue Galerie | |
| Litzlbergkeller | 1916 | Leopold Museum | |
| Silverfishes (Nixen, Sirens) | 1899 | Bank Austria Kunstforum Wien | |
| Lady with a Muff | 1916 | No/unknown value | |
| Portrait of a Woman | 1898 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Moving Water | 1898 | No/unknown value | |
| Insel im Attersee | 1900s | No/unknown value | |
| Forester's House in Weissenbach II (Garden) | 1914 | Neue Galerie | |
| Park at Kammer Castle | 1909 | Neue Galerie | |
| Portrait of Marie Henneberg | 1910s | Moritzburg Art Museum | |
| Portrait of Mathilde Trau | 1893 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Portrait of Fräulein Lieser | 1917 | No/unknown value | |
| Women Friends | 1910s | ||
| Portrait of Barbara Flöge | 1915 | No/unknown value | |
| Ria Munk on her Deathbed | 1912 | No/unknown value | |
| The Golden Knight | 1903 | Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art | |
| Farmhouse in Upper Austria' | 1910s | ||
| Girl’s Head Turned Left | 1880 | Tokyo Fuji Art Museum | |
| The Large Poplar I | 1900 | Neue Galerie | |
| Pale Face | 1903 | Neue Galerie | |
| Kühe im Stall | 1900 | Lentos Art Museum | |
| Portrait of Elisabeth Lederer | 1910s | ||
| Forest Slope in Unterach am Attersee | 1916 | ||
| Garden with Roosters | 1917 | ||
| Die Große Pappel oder Aufziehendes Gewitter | 1903 | ||
| Love | 1895 | Vienna Museum | |
| The Theatre at Taormina | 1887 | ||
| Portrait of an unknown woman | 1894 | Vienna Museum | |
| Sappho | 19th century | Vienna Museum | |
| Portrait of Helene Klimt | 1898 | Arte Ederren Museoa (Berna) | |
| Portrait of Rose von Rosthorn-Freidmann | 1900 | No/unknown value | |
| Irrlichter | 1903 | No/unknown value | |
| Portrait of Paula Zuckerkandl | 1910s | ||
| Portrait of Gertrud Löw | 1902 | ||
| Beech Grove II | 1903 | ||
| The Music II | 1898 | ||
| Head Study of a Girl from Hana | 1883 | Leopold Museum | |
| Castle Kammer at Attersee IV | 1910 | ||
| Castle Kammer at Attersee II | 1909 | ||
| Pine Forest II | 1901 | ||
| Seated Male Nude | 1879 | ||
| The fur collar | 1916 | ezezaguna | |
| Two Girls with an Oleander | 1890s | Wadsworth Atheneum | |
| The Polecat Fur | 1916 | anonimo No/unknown value | |
| From the Realm of the Death | 1903 | ezezaguna | |
| Backfisch | 1910s | ||
| Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I | 1907 | Neue Galerie | |
| Musua | 1907 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Danaë | 1907 | Leopold Museum | |
| Judith II | 1909 | Galleria Internazionale d'Arte Moderna Ca' Pesaro | |
| Judith I | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| The Hydra | 1906 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Litzlberg on the Attersee | 1914 | No/unknown value | |
| Fulfillment | 1900s | MAK – Museum of Applied Arts | |
| The Three Ages of Woman | 1905 | Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Roma | |
| Nuda Veritas | 1899 | Austrian Theatre Museum | |
| Hope I | 1903 | Kanadako Galeria Nazionala | |
| Adele Bloch-Bauer II | 1912 | No/unknown value | |
| Emakume gaztea | 1913 | National Gallery Prague | |
| Apple Tree I | 1912 | No/unknown value | |
| Pallas Athena | 1899 | Vienna Museum | |
| Medicine | 1907 | Vienako Unibertsitatea | |
| The Quattrocento in Rome and in Venice | 19th century | Kunsthistorisches Museum | |
| Pear Tree | 1903 | Busch–Reisinger Museum Harvard Art Museums | |
| Death and Life | 1910 | Leopold Museum | |
| The Tree of Life | 1909 | MAK – Museum of Applied Arts | |
| Dame mit Hut und Federboa | 1910 | No/unknown value | |
| Rosebushes under the Trees | 1905 | No/unknown value | |
| Baby (Cradle) | 1917 | Washingtongo Arte Galeria Nazionala | |
| Ancient Greece and Ancient Egypt | 19th century | Kunsthistorisches Museum | |
| Beech Grove I | 1902 | Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden | |
| Old Italian Art | 19th century | Kunsthistorisches Museum | |
| The Hostile Powers, the Titan Typhoeus, the Three Gorgons | 1902 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Hope II | 1907 | New Yorkeko Arte Modernoaren Museoa | |
| The Park | 1900s | New Yorkeko Arte Modernoaren Museoa | |
| Mäda Primavesi (1903–2000) | 1910s | Metropolitan Museum of Art | |
| Serena Pulitzer Lederer (1867–1943) | 1899 | Metropolitan Museum of Art | |
| Approaching Thunderstorm (The Large Poplar II) | 1903 | Leopold Museum | |
| On Lake Attersee | 1900 | Leopold Museum | |
| Avenue in the Park of Schloss Kammer | 1910s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Cottage Garden with Cross | 1910s | ||
| Bauerngarten mit Sonnenblumen | 1906 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Orchard | 1907 | Carnegie Museum of Art | |
| Malcesine am Gardasee | 1913 | ||
| Poppy Field (Mohnfeld) | 1907 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Oberösterreichisches Bauernhaus | 1911 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| A Morning by the Pond | 1899 | Leopold Museum | |
| Country House at the Attersee | 1914 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Horticultural Landscape with a Hilltop (Parish Garden) | 1916 | Kunsthaus Zug | |
| Italian horticultural landscape | 1913 | Kunsthaus Zug | |
| Fir Wood I | 1901 | Kunsthaus Zug | |
| Blossoming Meadow | 1908 | ||
| Cottage Garden | 1900s | ||
| Portrait of Eugenia Primavesi | 1910s | Toyota Municipal Museum of Art | |
| Portrait of Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein | 1905 | Bavariako Estatuko Margo-Bilduma | |
| Portrait of Hermine Gallia | 1904 | National Gallery | |
| Allegory of Sacred Music | 1885 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Fritza Riedler | 1906 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Lady in White | 1910s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Castle Kammer at Attersee III | 1910 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Adam and Eve | 1910s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Sonja Knips | 1898 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Lady by the fireplace | 1890s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Portrait of Johanna Staude | 1910s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Male Nude | 1883 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| After the Rain | 1898 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Josef Lewinsky as Carlos in Clavigo | 1895 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Portrait of Amalie Zuckerkandl | 1910s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| The Bride | 1910s | Belvedere Galeria Klimt Foundation | |
| Old Man on Deathbed | 1899 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Entwurf zu einem Vorhang des Stadttheaters Karlsbad | 1880s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Sunflower | 1900s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Portrait of a Woman | 1894 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Head of a Girl en face | 1898 | Belvedere Galeria No/unknown value | |
| Family | 20th century | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Portrait of a Lady | 1910s | Galleria d'arte moderna Ricci Oddi | |
| Blind Man | 1896 | Leopold Museum | |
| Seated Young Girl | 1894 | Leopold Museum | |
| The Music I | 1895 | Bavariako Estatuko Margo-Bilduma | |
| Florence of the Cinquecento and Quattrocento | 19th century | Kunsthistorisches Museum | |
| Tragedy | 1897 | Vienna Museum | |
| Lady with the lilac scarf | 1895 | Kunsthistorisches Museum | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 1, left wall): Yearning for Happiness | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 2, left wall): Yearning for Happiness | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 3, left wall): Yearning for Happiness | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 4, left wall): Yearning for Happiness | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 5, center wall): The Hostile Powers | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 6, center wall): The Hostile Powers | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 8, right wall): Yearning for happiness is assuaged in poetry | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Beethoven Frieze (plate 7, right wall): Yearning for happiness is assuaged in poetry | 1901 | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Marie Kerner von Marilaun as a Bride | 1890s | Belvedere Galeria | |
| Houses at Unterach on the Attersee | 1916 |
Kanpo estekak
- (Ingelesez) Klimt-en arteari buruzko webgunea
- (Ingelesez) Klimten hainbat margolan
